双极电场、光电子及其在热木星大气逃逸中的作用
Ambipolar Electric Field, Photoelectrons, and their Role in Atmospheric Escape From Hot-jupiters
摘要：
热木星的大气质量损失可能很大，因为这些行星与它们的主星非常接近，而且行星大气接收到强烈的辐射。在地球上，对大气离子加速的主要贡献来自离子和电子的垂直分离，以及双极电场的产生。这一过程被称为“极地风”，是将电离层成分输送到地球磁层的原因，在那里可以很好地观测到这些成分。极风也可以通过光电离产生的相对小部分的超热电子（光电子）来增强。我们制定了一个简化的计算的双极电场和光电子上的离子标度高度的影响，在一个广义的方式。我们发现，由于极风效应，离子尺度高度可以增加2-15倍。我们还估计了一个下限的数量级增加的离子密度和大气质量损失率时，极风的影响。
英文摘要：
Atmospheric mass-loss from Hot-jupiters can be large due to the close proximity of these planets to their host star and the strong radiation the planetary atmosphere receives. On Earth, a major contribution to the acceleration of atmospheric ions comes from the vertical separation of ions and electrons, and the generation of the ambipolar electric field. This process, known as the "polar wind", is responsible for the transport of ionospheric constituents to the Earth's magnetosphere, where they are well observed. The polar wind can also be enhanced by a relatively small fraction of super-thermal electrons (photoelectrons) generated by photoionization. We formulate a simplified calculation of the effect of the ambipolar electric field and the photoelectrons on the ion scale-height in a generalized manner. We find that the ion scale-height can be increased by a factor of 2-15 due to the polar wind effects. We also estimate a lower limit of an order of magnitude increase of the ion density and the atmospheric mass-loss rate when polar wind effects are included.
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