光合作用和磁感受的功能量子生物学
Functional quantum biology in photosynthesis and magnetoreception
摘要：
量子力学或相干量子效应在生物过程中是否有功能作用？虽然这个问题和量子理论一样古老，但直到最近，在超快时间尺度上对生物系统的测量才揭示了一个可能的答案。在这篇评论中，我们给出了一个概述的两个主要候选人的生物系统，可以利用这样的功能量子效应：光合作用和磁感受。我们讨论了支持和反对室温量子相干性的一些最新证据，并考虑在这些生物机制中是否真的有相干性的功能作用。最后，我们简要概述了功能量子生物学的一些更具投机性的例子，包括嗅觉，蛋白质中的长程量子隧道，生物光感受器和离子穿过细胞膜的流动。
英文摘要：
Is there a functional role for quantum mechanics or coherent quantum effects in biological processes? While this question is as old as quantum theory, only recently have measurements on biological systems on ultra-fast time-scales shed light on a possible answer. In this review we give an overview of the two main candidates for biological systems which may harness such functional quantum effects: photosynthesis and magnetoreception. We discuss some of the latest evidence both for and against room temperature quantum coherence, and consider whether there is truly a functional role for coherence in these biological mechanisms. Finally, we give a brief overview of some more speculative examples of functional quantum biology including the sense of smell, long-range quantum tunneling in proteins, biological photoreceptors, and the flow of ions across a cell membrane.
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