在先进光子源上用单脉冲X射线相位衬度成像和衍射进行气枪冲击实验
Gas gun shock experiments with single-pulse x-ray phase contrast imaging and diffraction at the Advanced Photon Source
摘要：
冲击载荷的高度瞬态性质和对动态材料响应的显著微观结构效应要求{ \it in situ}、时间和空间分辨、基于X射线的诊断。第三代同步加速器X射线源由于其高光子能量、高光子通量、高相干性和高脉冲重复率而有利于动态负载下的X射线相衬成像（PCI）和衍射。在先进光子源32 ID-B光束线上，研究了采用动态X射线PCI和衍射测量进行大规模气炮冲击实验的可行性。描述了X射线束流特性、实验装置、X射线诊断以及静态和动态测试结果。我们展示了超快，多帧，单脉冲PCI测量与前所未有的时间（$<$ 100 ps）和空间（$\sim$ 2 $μ$ m）的大规模冲击实验的分辨率，以及单脉冲动态劳厄衍射。研究结果不仅证实了基于同步加速器的实验解决各种冲击物理问题的潜力，而且还使我们能够确定与图像检测，X射线源和动态加载相关的技术挑战。
英文摘要：
The highly transient nature of shock loading and pronounced microstructure effects on dynamic materials response call for {\it in situ}, temporally and spatially resolved, x-ray-based diagnostics. Third-generation synchrotron x-ray sources are advantageous for x-ray phase contrast imaging (PCI) and diffraction under dynamic loading, due to their high photon energy, high photon fluxes, high coherency, and high pulse repetition rates. The feasibility of bulk-scale gas gun shock experiments with dynamic x-ray PCI and diffraction measurements was investigated at the beamline 32ID-B of the Advanced Photon Source. The x-ray beam characteristics, experimental setup, x-ray diagnostics, and static and dynamic test results are described. We demonstrate ultrafast, multiframe, single-pulse PCI measurements with unprecedented temporal ($<$100 ps) and spatial ($\sim$2 $μ$m) resolutions for bulk-scale shock experiments, as well as single-pulse dynamic Laue diffraction. The results not only substantiate the potential of synchrotron-based experiments for addressing a variety of shock physics problems, but also allow us to identify the technical challenges related to image detection, x-ray source, and dynamic loading.
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