电磁学超越critical state：热力学展望
Electromagnetics close beyond the critical state: thermodynamic prospect
摘要：
本文提出了一种第二类超导体在临界状态附近的电磁响应理论。我们的公式依赖于适用于超导体作为热力学系统的一般物理原理。平衡临界状态，外部驱动的稳定的解决方案，和瞬态松弛一起描述的自由能和熵产生。这种方法允许一个一致的宏观声明，包括复杂的涡动力学效应，揭示了在非理想化的实验配置。磁各向异性的临界电流和磁通搅拌磁电阻直接包括在三维场景。从我们的假设的变分形式，数值实现的实际配置。特别是，提供了几个结果的无限条几何形状：多组分实验中的电压产生，和磁弛豫向临界状态下施加的磁场和运输电流。解释，我们表明，对于一组给定的外部条件，以及建立的临界状态可以完全获得扩散的最终配置文件。
英文摘要：
A theory for the electromagnetic response of type-II superconductors close beyond the critical state is presented. Our formulation relies on general physical principles applied to the superconductor as a thermodynamic system. Equilibrium critical states, externally driven steady solutions, and transient relaxation are altogether described in terms of free energy and entropy production. This approach allows a consistent macroscopic statement that incorporates the intricate vortex dynamic effects, revealed in non-idealized experimental configurations. Magnetically anisotropic critical currents and flux stirring resistivities are straightforwardly included in three dimensional scenarios. Starting from a variational form of our postulate, a numerical implementation for practical configurations is shown. In particular, several results are provided for the infinite strip geometry: voltage generation in multicomponent experiments, and magnetic relaxation towards the critical state under applied field and transport current. Explicitly, we show that for a given set of external conditions, the well established critical states may be utterly obtained as diffusive final profiles.
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