可压缩超流体中二维量子Turbulence的特性
Characteristics of Two-Dimensional Quantum Turbulence in a Compressible Superfluid
摘要：
在适当的强制下，流体表现出湍流，其特征受到流体的限制几何形状的强烈影响。本文研究了环形阱中高度扁玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体中的二维量子湍流。作为一种可压缩的量子流体，该系统提供了丰富的现象学，允许涡和声能之间的耦合。小规模的搅拌产生实验观察到的无序的涡流分布，演变成大规模的流动形式的持续电流。实验的数值模拟揭示了二维量子湍流的其他特征：自发聚集的相同的循环涡，和不可压缩的能量谱与$k^{-5/3}$依赖低波数$k$和$k^{-3}$依赖高$k$。
英文摘要：
Under suitable forcing a fluid exhibits turbulence, with characteristics strongly affected by the fluid's confining geometry. Here we study two-dimensional quantum turbulence in a highly oblate Bose-Einstein condensate in an annular trap. As a compressible quantum fluid, this system affords a rich phenomenology, allowing coupling between vortex and acoustic energy. Small-scale stirring generates an experimentally observed disordered vortex distribution that evolves into large-scale flow in the form of a persistent current. Numerical simulation of the experiment reveals additional characteristics of two-dimensional quantum turbulence: spontaneous clustering of same-circulation vortices, and an incompressible energy spectrum with $k^{-5/3}$ dependence for low wavenumbers $k$ and $k^{-3}$ dependence for high $k$.
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