生命机器：目录，随机过程建模，概率逆向工程和PI-从亚里士多德到阿尔伯茨
Machines of life: catalogue, stochastic process modeling, probabilistic reverse engineering and the PIs- from Aristotle to Alberts
摘要：
分子机器由单个蛋白质或由蛋白质和RNA分子组成的大分子复合物组成。就像它们的宏观对应物一样，这些纳米机器中的每一个都有一个发动机，该发动机将输入能量“转换”成输出形式，然后通过耦合到传输系统来进行适当的操作。由卡诺开创的热机理论是以平衡态热力学第二定律为基础的。然而，分子机器的发动机在远离热力学平衡的等温条件下操作。此外，由费曼推广并称为布朗棘轮的能量转换的可能机制之一甚至没有任何宏观对应物。但是，{ \it分子机器与布朗棘轮不是同义词};大量分子机器实际上执行嘈杂的动力冲程，而不是像布朗棘轮那样操作。人机类比是一个激烈的哲学争论的话题，许多主要的哲学家如亚里士多德和笛卡尔都参与了这一争论，在光学显微镜发明后，人机类比被扩展到细胞和亚细胞水平上。由马塞洛·马尔皮吉（Marcelo Malpighi）率先提出的分子机器的想法在过去的50年里得到了积极的追求。它已成为一个既定的主题，目前的跨学科研究，从出版的一个非常有影响力的文件，由艾伯茨对20世纪末的证据。在这里，我们给出了一个非技术性的概述策略（a）机械化学动力学过程的随机建模，和（b）模型选择的基础上，从实验数据分析得出的统计推断。它是为非专家编写的，从广泛的角度来看，显示了物理学的几个不同分支和其他科学技术领域的重叠概念。
英文摘要：
Molecular machines consist of either a single protein or a macromolecular complex composed of protein and RNA molecules. Just like their macroscopic counterparts, each of these nano-machines has an engine that "transduces" input energy into an output form which is then utilized by its coupling to a transmission system for appropriate operations. The theory of heat engines, pioneered by Carnot, rests on the second law of equilibrium thermodynamics. However, the engines of molecular machines, operate under isothermal conditions far from thermodynamic equilibrium. Moreover, one of the possible mechanisms of energy transduction, popularized by Feynman and called Brownian ratchet, does not even have any macroscopic counterpart. But, {\it molecular machine is not synonymous with Brownian ratchet}; a large number of molecular machines actually execute a noisy power stroke, rather than operating as Brownian ratchet. The man-machine analogy, a topic of intense philosophical debate in which many leading philosophers like Aristotle and Descartes participated, was extended to similar analogies at the cellular and subcellular levels after the invention of optical microscope. The idea of molecular machine, pioneered by Marcelo Malpighi, has been pursued vigorously in the last fifty years. It has become a well established topic of current interdisciplinary research as evident from the publication of a very influential paper by Alberts towards the end of the twentieth century. Here we give a non-technical overview of the strategies for (a) stochastic modeling of mechano-chemical kinetic processes, and (b) model selection based on statistical inference drawn from analysis of experimental data. It is written for non-experts and from a broad perspective, showing overlapping concepts from several different branches of physics and from other areas of science and technology.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
