用于阶跃回退条件下PHWR等阻尼控制的分数阶相位整形器设计
Design of a Fractional Order Phase Shaper for Iso-damped Control of a PHWR under Step-back Condition
AI总结：
提出一种分数阶相位整形器结合PID控制器的方法，实现加压重水反应堆在阶跃回退时的等阻尼闭环响应，以优化功率下降的动态性能。
摘要：
许多当代研究者提出使用分数阶相位整形器进行相位整形，以产生在输入阶跃变化下具有等阻尼闭环响应的系统。这种闭环阻尼对增益变化保持不变的系统可用于产生仅上升时间随增益变化的无超调阶跃响应。该技术用于实现加压重水反应堆中的主动阶跃回退，其中期望在短时间内将反应堆功率改变到预定值，同时尽可能降低功率下冲。本文提出了一种方法，作为当前被动阶跃回退机制（通过释放电磁离合器，控制棒在重力作用下下落）的替代方案。利用实际测试数据将阶跃回退条件下的反应堆识别为系统，并为其设计合适的比例-积分-微分控制器。然后，将组合的被控对象与相位整形器结合，以实现功率下降方面的无超调响应。由于识别出的系统静态增益取决于启动阶跃回退时的初始功率水平，这一事实使得该应用特别适合使用分数阶相位整形器。本文利用自回归外生算法，针对500MWe加拿大氘铀反应堆中涉及快速功率降低的控制棒下落场景，建立了核反应堆模型。系统辨识和降阶建模基于实际测试数据开发。对于识别出的反应堆模型的闭环主动控制，分数阶相位整形器与PID控制器相结合，由于其等阻尼特性，比当前的反应堆调节系统性能更优。
英文摘要：
Phase shaping using fractional order (FO) phase shapers has been proposed by many contemporary researchers as a means of producing systems with iso-damped closed loop response due to a stepped variation in input. Such systems, with the closed loop damping remaining invariant to gain changes can be used to produce dead-beat step response with only rise time varying with gain. This technique is used to achieve an active step-back in a Pressurized Heavy Water Reactor (PHWR) where it is desired to change the reactor power to a pre-determined value within a short interval keeping the power undershoot as low as possible. This paper puts forward an approach as an alternative for the present day practice of a passive step-back mechanism where the control rods are allowed to drop during a step-back action by gravity, with release of electromagnetic clutches. The reactor under a step-back condition is identified as a system using practical test data and a suitable Proportional plus Integral plus Derivative (PID) controller is designed for it. Then the combined plant is augmented with a phase shaper to achieve a dead-beat response in terms of power drop. The fact that the identified static gain of the system depends on the initial power level at which a step-back is initiated, makes this application particularly suited for using a FO phase shaper. In this paper, a model of a nuclear reactor is developed for a control rod drop scenario involving rapid power reduction in a 500MWe Canadian Deuterium Uranium (CANDU) reactor using AutoRegressive Exogenous (ARX) algorithm. The system identification and reduced order modeling are developed from practical test data. For closed loop active control of the identified reactor model, the fractional order phase shaper along with a PID controller is shown to perform better than the present Reactor Regulating System (RRS) due to its iso-damped nature.
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