用Ashra进行PeV-EeV Tau中微子观测的切伦科夫Tau簇射掠地方法
Cherenkov Tau Shower Earth-Skimming Method for PeV-EeV Tau Neutrino Observation with Ashra
摘要：
本文描述了一种利用地球上τ中微子相互作用产生的衰变τ的空气簇射产生的切伦科夫光观测PeV-EeV τ中微子的方法。为了利用掠地τ中微子探测技术实现中微子天文学，由于以下问题，高精度地确定到达方向是关键：（1）通过识别源自地球表面内的那些顶点来明确识别中微子;（2）识别非常高能量的中微子源。Ashra探测器使用新开发的集光器，实现了42度直径的视场和角分分辨率。因此，它具有优越的角分辨率成像切伦科夫空气簇射。本文对Ashra-1切伦科夫τ簇射观测方法的灵敏度和宇宙线背景进行了估算。提供了调试运行和长期观察（配备齐全的触发系统和一个光收集器）的数据。我们的估计是基于一个详细的蒙特卡罗模拟，它描述了所有相关的淋浴过程，从中微子相互作用的切伦科夫光子探测产生的τ空气淋浴。此外，利用极大似然方法对确定切伦科夫簇射到达方向的潜力进行了评估。我们的结论是，Ashra-1探测器是一个独特的探测极高能量中微子及其加速器。
英文摘要：
We describe a method of observation for PeV--EeV tau neutrinos using Cherenkov light from the air showers of decayed taus produced by tau neutrino interactions in the Earth. Aiming for the realization of neutrino astronomy utilizing the Earth-skimming tau neutrino detection technique, highly precise determination of arrival direction is key due to the following issues: (1) Clear identification of neutrinos by identifying those vertices originating within the Earth's surface; (2) Identification of very high energy neutrino sources. The Ashra detector uses newly developed light collectors which realize both a 42 degree-diameter field-of-view and arcminute resolution. Therefore, it has superior angular resolution for imaging Cherenkov air showers. In this paper, we estimate the sensitivity of and cosmic-ray background resulting from application of the Ashra-1 Cherenkov tau shower observation method. Both data from a commissioning run and a long-term observation (with fully equipped trigger system and one light collector) are presented. Our estimates are based on a detailed Monte Carlo simulation which describes all relevant shower processes from neutrino interaction to Cherenkov photon detection produced by tau air showers. In addition, the potential to determine the arrival direction of Cherenkov showers is evaluated by using the maximum likelihood method. We conclude that the Ashra-1 detector is a unique probe into detection of very high energy neutrinos and their accelerators.
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