电子相空间空穴中的磁场放大及其效应
Magnetic field amplification in electron phase-space holes and related effects
摘要：
三维电子相空间空穴被证明是等离子体背景上的正电荷，其产生径向电场并迫使被捕获的电子分量进入方位角漂移。这样，电子空穴在空穴中产生磁场。我们精确地求解了圆柱形空穴模型中的空穴电荷、电势和磁场。在电子孔中，磁场在孔的通量管上被放大;等效地，在离子孔中，场将被减小。邻近电子空穴的磁通管被外部空穴偶极场磁耗尽。这就导致了磁致伸缩。它还表明，孔是大质量的物体，每个携带一个有限的磁矩。这些磁矩的二元磁偶极子相互作用将导致空穴沿着磁场排列成链，或者在三维情况下，在空穴形成体积中产生磁组构。由于空穴除了是电荷和磁矩的载体之外，还具有有限的质量，因此它们表现得像准粒子，执行ExB、磁场和抗磁漂移。在不均匀的磁场中，它们的磁矩经历扭矩，该扭矩导致孔围绕磁场的方向章动，推测引起低频磁调制，如脉动。许多这样的空穴的气体可以允许动力学描述，其中空穴经历二元偶极相互作用。这类似于聚合行为。磁场的产生和磁结构的形成是极光、日冕和冲击物理学中的重要问题，特别是相对论性前震和宇宙线加速中的磁场增强问题。
英文摘要：
Three-dimensional electron phase space holes are shown to be positive charges on the plasma background which produce a radial electric field and force the trapped electron component into an azimuthal drift. In this way electron holes generate magnetic fields in the hole. We solve the cylindrical hole model exactly for the hole charge, electric potential and magnetic field. In electron holes, the magnetic field is amplified on the flux tube of the hole; equivalently, in ion holes the field would be decreased. The flux tube adjacent to the electron hole is magnetically depleted by the external hole dipole field. This causes magnetic filamentation. It is also shown that holes are massive objects, each carrying a finite magnetic moment. Binary magnetic dipole interaction of these moments will cause alignment of the holes into chains along the magnetic field or, in the three-dimensional case, produce a magnetic fabric in the volume of hole formation. Since holes, in addition to being carriers of charges and magnetic moments, also have finite masses, they behave like quasi-particles, performing ExB, magnetic field, and diamagnetic drifts. In an inhomogeneous magnetic field, their magnetic moments experience torque which causes nutation of the hole around the direction of the magnetic field presumably giving rise to low frequency magnetic modulations like pulsations. A gas of many such holes may allow for a kinetic description in which holes undergo binary dipole interactions. This resembles the polymeric behaviour. Both magnetic field generation and magnetic structure formation is of interest in auroral, solar coronal and shock physics, in particular in the problem of magnetic field filamentation in relativistic foreshocks and cosmic ray acceleration.
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