量子气体中局域自旋涨落的干涉测量
Interferometric Measurement of Local Spin-Fluctuations in a Quantum Gas
摘要：
量子统计和相互作用之间的微妙相互作用是许多与超流性和量子磁性有关的有趣量子现象的起源。超冷量子气体的受控设置非常适合于研究这样的量子关联系统。目前的努力是针对他们的磁性识别，以及创建和检测的奇异量子相位。在这种情况下，已经提出将原子的自旋偏振映射到单模光束的状态。在这里，我们介绍了量子限制干涉仪实现这样的原子-光接口与高空间分辨率。我们测量了囚禁费米气体中局域自旋极化的概率分布，结果表明，在弱相互作用费米气体中，自旋涨落比散粒噪声降低了4.6（3）dB，在强相互作用费米气体中，自旋涨落比散粒噪声降低了9.4（8）dB。我们推导出作为温度的函数的磁化率和讨论我们的测量的纠缠见证。
英文摘要：
The subtle interplay between quantum statistics and interactions is at the origin of many intriguing quantum phenomena connected to superfluidity and quantum magnetism. The controlled setting of ultracold quantum gases is well suited to study such quantum correlated systems. Current efforts are directed towards the identification of their magnetic properties, as well as the creation and detection of exotic quantum phases. In this context, it has been proposed to map the spin-polarization of the atoms to the state of a single-mode light beam. Here we introduce a quantum-limited interferometer realizing such an atom-light interface with high spatial resolution. We measure the probability distribution of the local spin-polarization in a trapped Fermi gas showing a reduction of spin-fluctuations by up to 4.6(3) dB below shot-noise in weakly interacting Fermi gases and by 9.4(8) dB for strong interactions. We deduce the magnetic susceptibility as a function of temperature and discuss our measurements in terms of an entanglement witness.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
