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arXiv 1202.4881astro-ph.HE
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GX 339-4中硬滞后的联合频谱定时建模:反射模型的约束

Joint spectral-timing modelling of the hard lags in GX 339-4: constraints on reflection models

Pablo Cassatella, Phil Uttley, Joern Wilms, Juri Poutanen

摘要:

2 keV以上的硬态黑洞X射线双星的X射线变化表现出“硬滞后”,即较硬能量的变化跟随较软能量的变化,时滞τ取决于频率ν,约为τ \propto ν^{-0.7}。到目前为止,已经提出了几种模型来解释这种时间延迟,包括通过吸积流传播的波动,日冕耀斑期间的光谱变化,扩展的热日冕或喷流中的康普顿化,或由于吸积盘的大规模反射而引起的时间延迟。原则上,这些模型可以用来预测的能量谱的形状,以及时间滞后的频率依赖性,通过构建能量相关的响应函数映射的发射作为系统中的时间延迟的函数。在这里,我们使用这种方法来测试一个简单的反射模型的频率依赖性滞后中看到的硬状态的GX 339-4,同时拟合模型的频率依赖性滞后和能量谱测量XMM牛顿在2004年和2009年。我们的模型不能同时拟合滞后和光谱数据,因为相对较大的滞后需要一个非常张开的圆盘,它在大半径处对着连续谱有一个大的立体角,这与观测到的Fe Kα发射不一致。因此,我们认为大于2 keV的滞后更可能是由吸积流中的传播效应引起的,可能与先前观察到的吸积盘波动有关。

英文摘要:

The X-ray variations of hard state black hole X-ray binaries above 2 keV show 'hard lags', in that the variations at harder energies follow variations at softer energies, with a time-lag τdepending on frequency νapproximately as τ\propto ν^{-0.7}. Several models have so far been proposed to explain this time delay, including fluctuations propagating through an accretion flow, spectral variations during coronal flares, Comptonisation in the extended hot corona or a jet, or time-delays due to large-scale reflection from the accretion disc. In principle these models can be used to predict the shape of the energy spectrum as well as the frequency-dependence of the time-lags, through the construction of energy-dependent response functions which map the emission as a function of time-delay in the system. Here we use this approach to test a simple reflection model for the frequency-dependent lags seen in the hard state of GX 339-4, by simultaneously fitting the model to the frequency-dependent lags and energy spectrum measured by XMM-Newton in 2004 and 2009. Our model cannot simultaneously fit both the lag and spectral data, since the relatively large lags require an extremely flared disc which subtends a large solid angle to the continuum at large radii, in disagreement with the observed Fe Kαemission. Therefore, we consider it more likely that the lags > 2 keV are caused by propagation effects in the accretion flow, possibly related to the accretion disc fluctuations which have been observed previously.

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