T. Zh. Esirkepov, S. V. Bulanov
The prospects of using extreme relativistic laser-matter interactions for laboratory astrophysics are discussed. Laser-driven process simulation of matter dynamics at ultra-high energy density is proposed for the studies of astrophysical compact objects and the early universe.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
继续探索
The results of MHD numerical simulations of the formation and development of magnetized jets are presented. Similarity criteria for comparisons of the results of laboratory laser experiments and numerical simulations of astrophysical jets are discussed. The results of laboratory simulations of jets generated in experiments at the Neodim laser installation are presented.
The propagation of a relativistic electron-positron beam in a magnetized electron-ion plasma is studied, focusing on the polarization of the radiation generated in this case. Special emphasis is laid on investigating the polarization of the generated radiation for a range of beam-plasma parameters, transverse and longitudinal beam sizes, and the external magnetic fields. Our results not only help in understanding the high degrees of circular polarization observed in gamma-rays bursts but they also help in distinguishing the different modes associated with the filamentation dynamics of the pair…
We report new experimental results obtained on three different laser facilities that show directed laser-driven relativistic electron-positron jets with up to 30 times larger yields than previously obtained and a quadratic (~ E^2) dependence of the positron yield on the laser energy. This favorable scaling stems from a combination of higher energy electrons due to increased laser intensity and the recirculation of MeV electrons in the mm-thick target. Based on this scaling, first principles simulations predict the possibility of using such electron-positron jets, produced at upcoming high-ener…
The values of electrical conductivity of plasma of stars with a magnetic field or moving in the magnetic field of the other component in a binary system could be of significant interest, since they are useful for the study of thermal evolution of such objects, cooling, nuclear burning of accreted matter, and the investigation of their magnetic fields. So, on the basis of numerically calculated values for the dense plasma conductivity in an external HF electric field, we determine the HF characteristics of astrophysical plasmas under extreme conditions. The examined range of frequencies covers …
Turbulence is a ubiquitous phenomenon in space and astrophysical plasmas, driving a cascade of energy from large to small scales and strongly influencing the plasma heating resulting from the dissipation of the turbulence. Modern theories of plasma turbulence are based on the fundamental concept that the turbulent cascade of energy is caused by the nonlinear interaction between counterpropagating Alfven waves, yet this interaction has never been observationally or experimentally verified. We present here the first experimental measurement in a laboratory plasma of the nonlinear interaction bet…
The formation of non-relativistic collisionless shocks in laboratory with ultrahigh intensity lasers is studied via \emph{ab initio} multi-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations. The microphysics behind shock formation and dissipation, and the detailed shock structure are analyzed, illustrating that the Weibel instability plays a crucial role in the generation of strong subequipartition magnetic fields that isotropize the incoming flow and lead to the formation of a collisionless shock, similarly to what occurs in astrophysical scenarios. The possibility of generating such collisionless shoc…
Laboratory astrophysics and complementary theoretical calculations are the foundations of astronomy and astrophysics and will remain so into the foreseeable future. The impact of laboratory astrophysics ranges from the scientific conception stage for ground-based, airborne, and space-based observatories, all the way through to the scientific return of these projects and missions. It is our understanding of the under-lying physical processes and the measurements of critical physical parameters that allows us to address fundamental questions in astronomy and astrophysics. In this regard, laborat…
Strong Field QED, Astrophysics, and Laboratory Astrophysics
本文探讨了磁星等致密天体中的强场QED效应，并指出超强激光和高能粒子可在实验室中模拟这些极端天体物理现象，为基础物理研究开辟新途径。
Laboratory astrophysics and complementary theoretical calculations are the foundations of astronomy and astrophysics and will remain so into the foreseeable future. The mission enabling impact of laboratory astrophysics ranges from the scientific conception stage for airborne and space-based observatories, all the way through to the scientific return of these missions. It is our understanding of the under-lying physical processes and the measurements of critical physical parameters that allows us to address fundamental questions in astronomy and astrophysics. In this regard, laboratory astroph…
We investigate collective Thomson scattering (CTS) in two-stream non-equilibrium plasmas analytically, numerically and experimentally. In laboratory astrophysics, CTS is a unique tool to obtain local plasma diagnostics. While the standard CTS theory assumes plasmas to be linear, stationary, isotropic and equilibrium, it is often nonlinear, non-stationary, anisotropic, and non-equilibrium in high energy phenomena relevant to laboratory astrophysics. We theoretically calculate and numerically simulate the CTS spectra in two-stream plasmas as a typical example of non-equilibrium system in space a…
This is a science white paper submitted to the Astro-2020 and Plasma-2020 Decadal Surveys. The paper describes the present status and emerging opportunities in Extreme Plasma Astrophysics -- a study of astrophysically-relevant plasma processes taking place under extreme conditions that necessitate taking into account relativistic, radiation, and QED effects.
Evolution of Relativistic Pair Beams: Implications for Laboratory and TeV Astrophysics
研究TeV耀变体高能正负电子对束流的演化，通过Fokker-Planck方法和粒子模拟揭示不稳定性导致的能量损失与动量扩散展宽，为实验室与天体物理观测提供理论依据。
Plasma instabilities can be encountered in many branches of physics. This work focuses on relativistic plasmas with applications in theoretical astrophysics and particle accelerator physics. Even though these fields seem to be unrelated the underlying plasma physics processes are often very similar. Two plasma instabilities - the beam-beam instability and the coherent synchrotron radiation instability - are analyzed. The former severely limits the achievable luminosity in storage rings and is related to the two-stream instability which has been proposed as a candidate for the radiation mechani…
The non-thermal particle spectra responsible for the emission from many astrophysical systems are thought to originate from shocks via a first order Fermi process otherwise known as diffusive shock acceleration. The same mechanism is also widely believed to be responsible for the production of high energy cosmic rays. With the growing interest in collisionless shock physics in laser produced plasmas, the possibility of reproducing and detecting shock acceleration in controlled laboratory experiments should be considered. The various experimental constraints that must be satisfied are reviewed.…
Recent observations of gravitational waves from binary mergers of black holes or neutron stars and the rapid development of ultra-intense lasers lead strong field physics to a frontier of new physics in the 21st century. Strong gravity phenomena are most precisely described by general relativity, and lasers that are described by another most precisely tested quantum electrodynamics (QED) can be focused into a tiny area in a short period through the chirped pulse amplification and generate extremely high intensity electromagnetic (EM) fields beyond the conventional methods. It is physically int…
Certain classes of astrophysical objects, namely magnetars and central engines of supernovae and gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), are characterized by extreme physical conditions not encountered elsewhere in the Universe. In particular, they possess magnetic fields that exceed the critical quantum field of 44 teragauss. Figuring out how these complex ultra-magnetized systems work requires understanding various plasma processes, both small-scale kinetic and large-scale magnetohydrodynamic (MHD). However, an ultra-strong magnetic field modifies the underlying physics to such an extent that many relevant…
Thanks to high-resolution and non-dispersive spectrometers onboard future X-ray missions such as XRISM and Athena, we are finally poised to answer important questions about the formation and evolution of galaxies and large-scale structure. However, we currently lack an adequate understanding of many atomic processes behind the spectral features we will soon observe. Large error bars on parameters as critical as transition energies and atomic cross sections can lead to unacceptable uncertainties in the calculations of e.g., elemental abundance, velocity, and temperature. Unless we address these…
The construction of the Agua Negra tunnels that will link Argentina and Chile under the Andes, the world longest mountain range, opens the possibility to build the first deep underground labo- ratory in the Southern Hemisphere. This laboratory has the acronym ANDES (Agua Negra Deep Experiment Site) and its overburden could be as large as \sim 1.7 km of rock, or 4500 mwe, providing an excellent low background environment to study physics of rare events like the ones induced by neutrinos and/or dark matter. In this paper we investigate the physics potential of a few kiloton size liquid scintilla…
Cosmic explosions called $γ$-ray bursts are the most energetic bursting events in the universe. Observations of extremely high-energy emission from two $γ$-ray bursts provide a new way to study these gigantic explosions.
In this review, we emphasize the interplay between astrophysical observations, modeling, and nuclear physics laboratory experiments. Several important nuclear cross sections for astrophysics have long been identified e.g. 12C(alpha,gamma)16O for stellar evolution, or 13C(alpha,n)16O and 22Ne(alpha,n)25Mg as neutron sources for the s-process. More recently, observations of lithium abundances in the oldest stars, or of nuclear gamma-ray lines from space, have required new laboratory experiments. New evaluation of thermonuclear reaction rates now includes the associated rate uncertainties that ar…
We highlight recent theoretical and observational progress in several areas of neutron star astrophysics, and discuss the prospect for advances in the next decade.
Weibel Instability in Collisionless Plasmas Across Astrophysical and Laboratory Shocks
本文通过冷流体分析研究了Weibel不稳定性在四种不同情形下的表现，得出了最大增长率和特征不稳定性波数的标度关系，并验证了实验数据与理论预测的一致性。
Neutron stars are astrophysical laboratories of many extremes of physics. Their rich phenomenology provides insights into the state and composition of matter at densities which cannot be reached in terrestrial experiments. Since the core of a mature neutron star is expected to be dominated by superfluid and superconducting components, observations also probe the dynamics of large-scale quantum condensates. The testing and understanding of the relevant theory tends to focus on the interface between the astrophysics phenomenology and nuclear physics. The connections with low-temperature experime…
Recent years have seen tremendous progress in our understanding of the cosmos, which in turn points to even deeper questions to be further addressed. Concurrently the laser technology has undergone dramatic revolutions, providing exciting opportunity for science applications. History has shown that the symbiosis between direct observations and laboratory investigation is instrumental in the progress of astrophysics. We believe that this remains true in cosmology. Current frontier phenomena related to particle astrophysics and cosmology typically involve one or more of the following conditions:…
The Probe Of Extreme Multi-Messenger Astrophysics (POEMMA) is a NASA Astrophysics probe-class mission designed to observe ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) and cosmic neutrinos from space. Astro2020 APC white paper: Medium-class Space Particle Astrophysics Project.
Charge exchange is an atomic process that primarily occurs at interfaces between the neutral and ionized gas. The study of the process has been carried out on three levels: the theoretical calculation of the cross sections, the laboratory measurements of reaction rates and line strengths, and the observational constraints using celestial objects. For a long time in the past, the status of astrophysical observations in the X-ray band lagged behind the other two aspects until the discovery of X-ray from a comet was made in 1996, which changed the research landscape. Recent observational evidence…
We establish a generic, fully-relativistic formalism to study gravitational-wave emission by extreme-mass-ratio systems in spherically-symmetric, non-vacuum black-hole spacetimes. The potential applications to astrophysical setups range from black holes accreting baryonic matter to those within axionic clouds and dark matter environments, allowing to assess the impact of the galactic potential, of accretion, gravitational drag and halo feedback on the generation and propagation of gravitational-waves. We apply our methods to a black hole within a halo of matter. We find fluid modes imparted to…
Hyperons are essential constituents in the neutron star interior. The poorly-known hyperonic interaction is a source of uncertainty for studying laboratory hypernuclei and neutron star observations. In this work, we perform Bayesian inference of phenomenological hyperon-nucleon interactions using the tidal-deformability measurement of the GW170817 binary neutron star merger as detected by LIGO/Virgo and the mass-radius measurements of PSR J0030+0541 and PSR J0740+6620 as detected by NICER. The analysis is based on a set of stiff relativistic neutron-star-matter equation of states with hyperons…
扫码添加微信好友，提出您的宝贵建议 👇
💡 备注请填写：网站反馈
发表机构由 AI 从论文文本抽取，如发现错误，欢迎反馈修正建议。