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arXiv 1202.3903quant-phmath-phmath.MP
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离散时间酉演化的常返性

Recurrence for discrete time unitary evolutions

F. A. Grünbaum, L. Velázquez, A. H. Werner, R. F. Werner

摘要:

我们考虑由幺正算符U和初态矢量ψ指定的量子动力学系统。在每一步中,酉之后是一个投影测量,检查系统是否已经返回到初始状态。我们称这个系统是循环的,如果它最终以概率1发生。我们证明了递归等价于U的谱测度中没有绝对连续的部分。我们还表明,在经常性的情况下,预期的第一次返回时间是一个整数或无限的,我们给出了一个拓扑解释。在我们的理论中,一个关键的作用是发挥了第一波振幅,这原来是(复共轭)泰勒系数的舒尔函数的谱测度。一方面,这为这些系数提供了一个直接的动力学解释;另一方面,它将我们对首次返回时间的定义与大量的数学文献联系起来。

英文摘要:

We consider quantum dynamical systems specified by a unitary operator U and an initial state vector ϕ. In each step the unitary is followed by a projective measurement checking whether the system has returned to the initial state. We call the system recurrent if this eventually happens with probability one. We show that recurrence is equivalent to the absence of an absolutely continuous part from the spectral measure of U with respect to ϕ. We also show that in the recurrent case the expected first return time is an integer or infinite, for which we give a topological interpretation. A key role in our theory is played by the first arrival amplitudes, which turn out to be the (complex conjugated) Taylor coefficients of the Schur function of the spectral measure. On the one hand, this provides a direct dynamical interpretation of these coefficients; on the other hand it links our definition of first return times to a large body of mathematical literature.

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