偶极玻色子：从超流体到Pfrons
Dipolar bogolons: from superfluids to Pfaffians
摘要：
我们研究Bogoliubov准粒子的结构，“bogolons”，费米子激发的配对超流体，产生费米子（BCS）配对，包括中性超流体，超导体，和成对的量子霍尔态。静止准粒子的简单构造忽略了对场的形变，这导致了一个矛盾：它携带着一个净电流，即使它不运动。然而，对场的处理自洽地解决了这个问题：在中性超流体中，偶极电流模式与总电流为零的准粒子相关联。当包括麦克斯韦电动力学时，对于超导体来说，这种模式被限制在穿透深度上。对于复合费米子的成对量子霍尔态，麦克斯韦项被陈-西蒙斯项取代，这导致偶极电荷分布，从而导致偶极电流模式。
英文摘要：
We study the structure of Bogoliubov quasiparticles, 'bogolons,' the fermionic excitations of paired superfluids that arise from fermion (BCS) pairing, including neutral superfluids, superconductors, and paired quantum Hall states. The naive construction of a stationary quasiparticle in which the deformation of the pair field is neglected leads to a contradiction: it carries a net electrical current even though it does not move. However, treating the pair field self-consistently resolves this problem: In a neutral superfluid, a dipolar current pattern is associated with the quasiparticle for which the total current vanishes. When Maxwell electrodynamics is included, as appropriate to a superconductor, this pattern is confined over a penetration depth. For paired quantum Hall states of composite fermions, the Maxwell term is replaced by a Chern-Simons term, which leads to a dipolar charge distribution and consequently to a dipolar current pattern.
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