BepiColombo任务的减饱和机动和精确轨道确定
Desaturation Maneuvers and Precise Orbit Determination for the BepiColombo Mission
摘要：
这项工作的目的是分析去饱和机动在精确的轨道确定中可能产生的后果，这与BepiColombo水星飞行任务的无线电科学实验（MORE）相对应。该飞行任务是欧空局/日本宇宙航空研究开发机构的一个联合项目，其目标涉及大地测量学、天体物理学和基础物理学，具有很大的挑战性。在水星附近，s/c将受到强烈的太阳辐射压力扭矩; s/c的姿态由惯性轮控制，经过一段时间后达到最大旋转状态。然后，它们必须通过推进器脉冲减速，在s/c上产生剩余加速度，并进行减饱和（或卸载）机动。在本文中，我们将展示如何这样的机动影响的s/c和无线电科学测量的轨道，以及如何将它们包括在轨道确定和参数估计过程。我们考虑的非线性最小二乘拟合应用于一组由时间间隔隔开的观测弧上，其中探测器不可见。在目前两个地面站的基线下，每天进行两次机动，一次在观测期间，另一次在黑暗中。为了达到任务的科学目标，必须将它们视为“求数量”。我们已经开发了一种基于轨道确定性传播的特定方法，该方法能够通过以平滑的方式连接随后的观测弧来处理这些变量。我们将展示的数值模拟表明，这种受约束的多弧策略能够以高精度确定机动，包括在黑暗中的机动，以及其他感兴趣的参数。未来的发展包括在该方法中包括加速度计读数和校准。
英文摘要：
The purpose of this work is the analysis of the consequences that desaturation maneuvers can have in the precise orbit determination corresponding to the Radio Science Experiment (MORE) of the BepiColombo mission to Mercury. This mission is an ESA/JAXA joint project with very challenging objectives regarding geodesy, geophysics and fundamental physics. In the neighborhood of Mercury, the s/c will experience strong solar radiation pressure torques; the s/c attitude is controlled by inertial wheels that after some time reach their maximum rotation state. Then they have to be slowed down by means of thruster pulses, inducing a residual acceleration on the s/c, with a desaturation (or off-loading) maneuver. In this paper, we will show how such maneuvers affect the orbit of the s/c and the radio science measurements and, also, how to include them in the orbit determination and parameter estimation procedure. The non linear least squares fit we consider is applied on a set of observational arcs separated by intervals of time where the probe is not visible. With the current baseline of two ground stations, two maneuvers are performed per day, one during the observing session, the other in the dark. To reach the scientific goals of the mission, they have to be treated as "solve for quantities". We have developed a specific methodology based on the deterministic propagation of the orbit, which is able to deal with these variables, by connecting subsequent observational arcs in a smooth way. The numerical simulations we will show demonstrate that this constrained multi-arc strategy is able to determine the maneuvers, including the ones in the dark, together with the other parameters of interest at a high level of accuracy. The future development consists in including accelerometer readings and calibrations in the method.
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