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arXiv 1202.2850astro-ph.GA
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来自暖星际一氧化碳（CO）的远红外线发射的碰撞激发

Collisional excitation of far-infrared line emissions from warm interstellar carbon monoxide (CO)

David A. Neufeld

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Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal
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摘要：

受Herschel/PACS最近观测的启发，以及CO碰撞激发的新速率系数的可用性（Yang et al. 2010），使用数值和分析方法重新审视了温暖天体物理CO的激发。对于等温介质的情况，已经获得了气体温度（100至5000 K）和H2密度（1 E +3至1 E +9 cm-3）的宽范围的结果，并以旋转图的形式呈现，其中每个磁子状态的柱密度的对数log（N[J]/g[J]）被绘制为每个状态的能量E[J]的函数。对于Herschel/PACS可达到的波长范围内的旋转跃迁，当n（H2）> 1 E +8 cm-3时，这样的图几乎是线性的。当log 10（n[H2]）= 6.8至8时，它们表现出显著的负曲率，而当log 10（n[H2]）< 4.8时，曲率在整个PACS可访问范围内一致为正。因此，观测一个正弯曲的CO转动图并不一定需要多个温度分量的存在。事实上，对于Herschel/PACS观察到的一些源，CO旋转图显示出适度的正曲率，可以用单个等温分量来解释。通常，所需的物理参数是1 E +4至1 E +5 cm-3范围内的H2密度和接近CO可以存活的最大温度T。其他来源展示更多的曲率旋转图比可以占一个单一的温度分量。对于气体温度呈幂律分布的介质，dN/dT与T的b次方成正比，H2密度为1 E +3 ~ 1 E +9 cm-3，幂律指数b在1 ~ 5范围内，这种介质可以解释CO旋转图，它比等温介质的旋转图更正弯曲。

英文摘要：

Motivated by recent observations with Herschel/PACS, and the availability of new rate coefficients for the collisional excitation of CO (Yang et al. 2010), the excitation of warm astrophysical CO is revisited with the use of numerical and analytic methods. For the case of an isothermal medium, results have been obtained for a wide range of gas temperatures (100 to 5000 K) and H2 densities (1E+3 to 1E+9 cm-3), and presented in the form of rotational diagrams, in which the logarithm of the column density per magnetic substate, log (N[J]/g[J]), is plotted for each state, as a function of its energy, E[J]. For rotational transitions in the wavelength range accessible to Herschel/PACS, such diagrams are nearly linear when n(H2) > 1E+8 cm-3. When log10(n[H2]) = 6.8 to 8, they exhibit significant negative curvature, whereas when log10(n[H2]) < 4.8 the curvature is uniformly positive throughout the PACS-accessible range. Thus, the observation of a positively-curved CO rotational diagram does not NECESSARILY require the presence of multiple temperature components. Indeed, for some sources observed with Herschel/PACS, the CO rotational diagrams show a modest positive curvature that can be explained by a single isothermal component. Typically, the required physical parameters are H2 densities in the 1E+4 to 1E+5 cm-3 range and temperatures, T, close to the maximum at which CO can survive. Other sources exhibit rotational diagrams with more curvature than can be accounted for by a single temperature component. For the case of a medium with a power-law distribution of gas temperatures, with dN/dT proportional to T to the power -b, results have been obtained for H2 densities 1E+3 to 1E+9 cm-3 and power-law indices, b, in the range 1 to 5; such a medium can account for a CO rotational diagram that is more positively curved than any resulting from an isothermal medium.

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