从CPT不变性到物理学基本假设的演变
Evolution of the CPT Invariance into a Basic Postulate in Physics
摘要：
本文将1935年Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen的论文与1998年在$K^0\bar{K}^0$系统上进行的EPR实验进行了平行讨论，得到了在量子力学（QM）水平上粒子与反粒子在波函数和算符上的区别的强烈暗示。然后提出粒子物理中的CPT不变性自然地引出了一个基本假设，即（新定义的）时空反演（${\bf x}\to -{\bf x},t\to -t$）等价于粒子与其反粒子之间的变换。本文详细讨论了这一假设从非相对论量子力学到相对论量子力学再到量子场论的演变过程。讨论了Klein-Gordon方程和Dirac方程的Klein佯谬。关键词：CPT不变性，反粒子，量子力学，量子场论
英文摘要：
Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen's paper in 1935 is discussed in parallel with an EPR experiment on $K^0\bar{K}^0$ system in 1998, yielding a strong hint of distinction in both wave-function and operators between particle and antiparticle at the level of quantum mechanics (QM). Then it is proposed that the CPT invariance in particle physics leads naturally to a basic postulate that the (newly defined) space-time inversion (${\bf x}\to -{\bf x},t\to -t$) is equivalent to the transformation between particle and its antiparticle. The evolution of this postulate from nonrelativistic QM via relativistic QM till the quantum field theory is discussed in some detail. The Klein paradox for both Klein-Gordon equation and Dirac equation is also discussed. Keywords: CPT invariance, Antiparticle, Quantum mechanics, Quantum field theory
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