病例对照研究中似然和贝叶斯分析的回顾-前瞻对称性
Retrospective-prospective symmetry in the likelihood and Bayesian analysis of case-control studies
摘要：
Prentice和Pyke（1979）确定，病例对照研究中比值比的最大似然估计与通过运行逻辑斯谛回归得到的结果相同：换句话说，对于这个特定目标，不正确的前瞻性模型必然等同于正确的回顾性模型。其他模型也得到了类似的结果，并且也确定了相应的贝叶斯性质成立的条件，即比值比的后验分布是相同的，无论是使用前瞻性或回顾性似然计算。在这里，我们展示了这些结果如何直接遵循某些参数的独立属性的模型和先验，并确定先验的法律，支持这种反向分析，标准和分层设计。
英文摘要：
Prentice & Pyke (1979) established that the maximum likelihood estimate of an odds-ratio in a case-control study is the same as would be found by running a logistic regression: in other words, for this specific target the incorrect prospective model is inferentially equivalent to the correct retrospective model. Similar results have been obtained for other models, and conditions have also been identified under which the corresponding Bayesian property holds, namely that the posterior distribution of the odds-ratio be the same, whether computed using the prospective or the retrospective likelihood. Here we demonstrate how these results follow directly from certain parameter independence properties of the models and priors, and identify prior laws that support such reverse analysis, for both standard and stratified designs.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
