离子库仑团簇热激发亚稳结构的直接成像
Direct imaging of thermally excited metastable structures of ion Coulomb clusters
摘要：
在过去的几年里，大量离子的库仑结晶在实验上得到了深入的研究，并在一维、二维和三维的无限系统中得到了许多引人注目的结果。虽然少数离子的弦在量子信息处理中被证明是非常有吸引力的对象，但最近在量子系统动力学的其他方面也发现了更大的库仑晶体的应用。更小的有限的冷全同带电粒子系综由一个谐波势限制，由于纯粹的排斥长程粒子间的力，构成非常特殊类型的集群。在这里，我们报告的直接成像的亚稳态结构的库仑簇组成的几千个限制和激光冷却的40Ca+离子。这些观测结果归因于有限温度引起的结构激发，这一特征可能出现在短程相互作用粒子簇中，但尚未直接观察到。
英文摘要：
Coulomb crystallisation of large ensembles of ions has in the past years been intensively studied experimentally with many spectacular results of relevance to infinite systems in one-, two-, and three-dimensions.While strings of a few ions have proven to be very attractive objects in quantum information processing, larger Coulomb crystals have very recently found applications within other aspects the dynamics of quantum systems. Smaller finite ensembles of cold identical charged particles confined by a harmonic potential furthermore constitute very special types of clusters due to the pure repulsive long-range inter-particle forces. Here, we report on the direct imaging of metastable structures of Coulomb clusters consisting of a few thousands confined and laser-cooled 40Ca+ ions. The observations are attributed to structural excitations due to finite temperatures, a feature likely to appear in clusters of short-range interacting particles, but yet not observed directly.
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