ELI-NP的医疗应用研究
Medical Application Studies at ELI-NP
摘要：
我们以^195mPt、^117mSn和^44Ti为例，研究了在高通量[（10 ^13 - 10 ^15）伽马/s]、小束径和小能带宽度（Δ E/E ~ 10^-3 - 10 ^-4）伽马束的（γ，γ '）光激发反应或（γ，xn + yp）光核反应中用于核医学的放射性同位素的产生。为了实现最佳的伽玛焦斑，将使用由许多凹微透镜的堆叠组成的折射伽玛透镜。它允许生产高比活度和使用浓缩同位素。对于窄γ射线的光核反应，可以通过使用一堆薄的靶线来减少靶中的能量沉积，从而避免康普顿电子和e^+e^-对的直接停止。复合核的明确定义的初始激发能导致少量反应通道，并使得靶同位素和最终放射性同位素能够进行新的组合。窄带宽伽马激发可以利用伽马宽度中的集体共振，导致增加的截面。通过特别选择的γ级联产生（γ，γ ′）异构体允许在多次激发中产生高比活度，其中不发生异构体向基态的反抽。所生产的同位素将为放射性同位素的全新临床应用开辟道路。例如，^195mPt可用于在进行完整治疗之前验证患者对铂化合物化疗的反应。在靶向放射性核素治疗中，^195mPt和^117mSn的短程俄歇和转换电子能够实现非常局部的治疗。发生器^44Ti允许PET具有额外的γ-量子（γ-PET），从而降低剂量或提高空间分辨率。
英文摘要：
We study the production of radioisotopes for nuclear medicine in (gamma,gamma') photoexcitation reactions or (gamma,xn + yp) photonuclear reactions for the examples of ^195mPt, ^117mSn and ^44Ti with high flux [(10^13 - 10^15) gamma/s], small beam diameter and small energy band width (Delta E/E ~ 10^-3 -10^-4) gamma beams. In order to realize an optimum gamma-focal spot, a refractive gamma-lens consisting of a stack of many concave micro-lenses will be used. It allows for the production of a high specific activity and the use of enriched isotopes. For photonuclear reactions with a narrow gamma beam, the energy deposition in the target can be reduced by using a stack of thin target wires, hence avoiding direct stopping of the Compton electrons and e^+e^- pairs. The well-defined initial excitation energy of the compound nucleus leads to a small number of reaction channels and enables new combinations of target isotope and final radioisotope. The narrow-bandwidth gamma excitation may make use of collective resonances in gamma-width, leading to increased cross sections. (gamma,gamma') isomer production via specially selected gamma cascades allows to produce high specific activity in multiple excitations, where no back-pumping of the isomer to the ground state occurs. The produced isotopes will open the way for completely new clinical applications of radioisotopes. For example ^195mPt could be used to verify the patient's response to chemotherapy with platinum compounds before a complete treatment is performed. In targeted radionuclide therapy the short-range Auger and conversion electrons of ^195mPt and ^117mSn enable a very local treatment. The generator ^44Ti allows for a PET with an additional gamma-quantum (gamma-PET), resulting in a reduced dose or better spatial resolution.
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