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arXiv 1202.2123astro-ph.HEastro-ph.CO
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PKS 1222+216中快速Gamma-Ray耀斑的能量约束

Energetic Constraints on a Rapid Gamma-Ray Flare in PKS 1222+216

Krzysztof Nalewajko, Mitchell C. Begelman, Benoit Cerutti, Dmitri A. Uzdensky, Marek Sikora

摘要:

我们研究了MAGIC在平谱射电类星体PKS 1222+216中检测到的快速甚高能(VHE)耀斑的理论含义。距喷流原点的最小距离为0.5秒差距。VHE源的中等多普勒因子D_{VHE} ~ 20是所有不透明度约束所允许的。费米观测到的同时高能(HE)发射提供了总喷流功率和喷流磁场强度的估计。VHE耀斑的能量约束是非常严格的:对于各向同性的粒子分布,它们需要在发射区域中的巨大的共同移动能量密度和非常有效的辐射过程。我们不赞成强子过程,由于其低辐射效率,以及同步加速器的情况下,最近提出的蟹状星云的HE耀斑,因为需要克服的辐射损失的参数是相当极端的。对于D_{VHE} ~ 20,VHE发射可用同步自康普顿(SSC)机制解释,对于D_{VHE} ~ 50,VHE发射可用包含尘埃环红外辐射的外辐射康普顿(ERC)机制解释。在讨论了几种不同的情况下,我们提出,极端的能量密度约束,可以满足发射来自高度各向异性的短寿命的粒子束形成的动力学聚束机制在磁重联网站。通过将发射粒子聚焦成非常窄的光束,这种机制允许人们放松对源尺寸的因果约束,将所需的能量密度降低4个数量级。

英文摘要:

We study theoretical implications of a rapid Very-High-Energy (VHE) flare detected by MAGIC in the Flat-Spectrum Radio Quasar PKS 1222+216. The minimum distance from the jet origin at which this flare could be produced is 0.5 pc. A moderate Doppler factor of the VHE source, D_{VHE} ~ 20, is allowed by all opacity constraints. The concurrent High-Energy (HE) emission observed by Fermi provides estimates of the total jet power and the jet magnetic field strength. Energetic constraints for the VHE flare are extremely tight: for an isotropic particle distribution they require a huge co-moving energy density in the emitting region and a very efficient radiative process. We disfavor hadronic processes due to their low radiative efficiency, as well as the synchrotron scenario recently proposed for the case of HE flares in the Crab Nebula, since the parameters needed to overcome the radiative losses are quite extreme. The VHE emission can be explained by the Synchrotron Self-Compton (SSC) mechanism for D_{VHE} ~ 20 or by the External Radiation Compton (ERC) mechanism involving the infrared radiation of the dusty torus for D_{VHE} ~ 50. After discussing several alternative scenarios, we propose that the extreme energy density constraint can be satisfied when the emission comes from highly anisotropic short-lived bunches of particles formed by the kinetic beaming mechanism in magnetic reconnection sites. By focusing the emitting particles into very narrow beams, this mechanism allows one to relax the causality constraint on the source size, decreasing the required energy density by 4 orders of magnitude.

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