克莱门汀日晷的天体测量识别（1702年）
The astrometric recognition of the solar Clementine gnomon (1702)
摘要：
克莱门汀圭表建于1702年，用于测量地球的自转变化。出于这个原因，针孔位于戴克里先时代的墙壁上（305 a. D.）为了在几个世纪中保持稳定，但其原始形式和位置已被修改。我们使用了一种天体测量方法来恢复针孔的原始位置：将针孔整形为直径为1.5厘米的圆，将北翼和南翼的位置与星历进行了比较。整个太阳图像向南4.5毫米的系统偏移表明，原始针孔位于实际位置以北4.5毫米，正如Bianchini的书（1703）中的图像所示。椭圆形的实际针孔也是错误的。使用圆圈，可以清楚地看到较大的太阳黑子。Philippe de la Hire星表（1702年）中的一些参考星，最初用于测量太阳的黄道纬度，被写在子午线旁边，但在最后一次恢复（2000年）后，其中四颗被错误定位。最后，子午线方位角与真北的偏差证实了1750年恢复的值。这一点，连同真线的局部偏差，将作为系统误差保留下来，就像所有这些历史仪器一样。
英文摘要：
The Clementine gnomon has been built in 1702 to measure the Earth's obliquity variation. For this reason the pinhole was located in the walls of Diocletian's times (305 a. D.) in order to remain stable along the centuries, but its original form and position have been modified. We used an astrometric method to recover the original position of the pinhole: reshaping the pinhole to a circle of 1.5 cm of diameter, the positions of the Northern and Southern limbs have been compared with the ephemerides. A sistematic shift of 4.5 mm Southward of the whole solar image shows that the original pinhole was 4.5 mm North of the actual position, as the images in the Bianchini's book (1703) suggest. The oval shape of the actual pinhole is also wrong. Using a circle the larger solar spots are clearly visible. Some reference stars of the catalogue of Philippe de la Hire (1702), used originally for measuring the ecliptic latitude of the Sun, are written next to the meridian line, but after the last restauration (2000), four of them are wrongly located. Finally the deviation from the true North, of the meridian line's azimuth confirms the value recovered in 1750. This, with the local deviations of a true line, will remain as systematic error, like for all these historical instruments.
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