电子和正电子的高能裸奔
Streaking At High Energies With Electrons And Positrons
摘要：
最先进的阿秒计量学处理典型能量高达数百eV和时间分辨率为几十阿秒的光子脉冲的检测和表征。这种短脉冲例如用于在原子尺度上控制电子的运动或测量内壳层原子动力学。时间分辨的内核动力学，瞬态介子状态和共振的下一个挑战需要光子脉冲低于阿秒的持续时间和能量超过兆电子伏的规模。在这里，我们讨论了时间分辨高能伽马射线脉冲下降到zeptosecond时间尺度的检测方案。该方案是基于阿秒条纹成像的概念，但不是在非线性介质中将光子转换为电子，而是利用电子-正电子对产生的高能过程。这些对在真空中通过待表征的测试脉冲与强激光脉冲的碰撞而产生，并且它们根据其在产生时刻的条纹脉冲中的相位而获得额外的能量和动量。相互作用后的电子和正电子动量的符合测量提供了关于条纹脉冲内的对产生阶段的信息。我们研究了多光子康普顿散射中的量子辐射反应对该探测方案的限制，并讨论了其他必要条件，使该方案在即将到来的极端光基础设施（ELI）激光设施可行。
英文摘要：
State-of-the-art attosecond metrology deals with the detection and characterization of photon pulses with typical energies up to the hundreds of eV and time resolution of several tens of attoseconds. Such short pulses are used for example to control the motion of electrons on the atomic scale or to measure inner-shell atomic dynamics. The next challenge of time-resolving the inner-nuclear dynamics, transient meson states and resonances requires photon pulses below attosecond duration and with energies exceeding the MeV scale. Here we discuss a detection scheme for time-resolving high-energy gamma ray pulses down to the zeptosecond timescale. The scheme is based on the concept of attosecond streak imaging, but instead of conversion of photons into electrons in a nonlinear medium, the high-energy process of electron-positron pair creation is utilized. These pairs are produced in vacuum through the collision of a test pulse to be characterized with an intense laser pulse, and they acquire additional energy and momentum depending on their phase in the streaking pulse at the moment of production. A coincidence measurement of the electron and positron momenta after the interaction provides information on the pair production phase within the streaking pulse. We examine the limitations imposed by quantum radiation reaction in multiphoton Compton scattering on this detection scheme, and discuss other necessary conditions to render the scheme feasible in the upcoming Extreme Light Infrastructure (ELI) laser facility.
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