超高计数率和更高多极激发下的核光子学
Nuclear photonics at ultra-high counting rates and higher multipole excitations
摘要：
来自激光康普顿背散射设备（如ELI-NP（布加勒斯特））或MEGA射线（利弗莫尔）的下一代伽马光束将大大超过现有设备目前可用的光子通量，达到甚至超过10^13伽马/秒。目前预见的用于MEGA射线和ELI-NP的束结构建立在用于电子束的宏脉冲（~120 Hz）的结构上，用X波段技术在11.5 GHz下加速，导致电子脉冲之间的87 ps距离的微结构用作反向传播强激光的反射镜。总的来说，每8.3 ms，持续时间约为100 ns的伽马脉冲序列将撞击靶，导致约10^18伽马/s的瞬时光子通量，因此在堆积方面引入了主要挑战。新型伽马光学器件将用于单色化伽马光束，最终达到Δ E/E~10^-6。因此，更高的多极子激发的水平选择光谱学将首次变得具有良好的对比度。快速响应的伽马探测器，例如基于先进的闪烁体技术（例如LaBr 3（Ce）），允许以高达10^6-10^7伽马/s的计数率进行测量，而不会显著降低性能。适合于射束条件的数据处理可以通过快速数字化电子设备来执行，该快速数字化电子设备能够在微脉冲持续时间期间采样数据迹线，而随后的约100 μ m的宏脉冲间隙可以在微脉冲持续时间期间采样数据迹线。8 ms为数据读出留出了充足的时间。具有数字读数的LaBr 3探测器球似乎最适合这种新型的超高计数率核光子学。
英文摘要：
Next-generation gamma beams beams from laser Compton-backscattering facilities like ELI-NP (Bucharest)] or MEGa-Ray (Livermore) will drastically exceed the photon flux presently available at existing facilities, reaching or even exceeding 10^13 gamma/sec. The beam structure as presently foreseen for MEGa-Ray and ELI-NP builds upon a structure of macro-pulses (~120 Hz) for the electron beam, accelerated with X-band technology at 11.5 GHz, resulting in a micro structure of 87 ps distance between the electron pulses acting as mirrors for a counterpropagating intense laser. In total each 8.3 ms a gamma pulse series with a duration of about 100 ns will impinge on the target, resulting in an instantaneous photon flux of about 10^18 gamma/s, thus introducing major challenges in view of pile-up. Novel gamma optics will be applied to monochromatize the gamma beam to ultimately Delta E/E~10^-6. Thus level-selective spectroscopy of higher multipole excitations will become accessible with good contrast for the first time. Fast responding gamma detectors, e.g. based on advanced scintillator technology (e.g. LaBr3(Ce)) allow for measurements with count rates as high as 10^6-10^7 gamma/s without significant drop of performance. Data handling adapted to the beam conditions could be performed by fast digitizing electronics, able to sample data traces during the micro-pulse duration, while the subsequent macro-pulse gap of ca. 8 ms leaves ample time for data readout. A ball of LaBr3 detectors with digital readout appears to best suited for this novel type of nuclear photonics at ultra-high counting rates.
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