重离子：大型强子对撞机的结果
Heavy Ions: Results from the Large Hadron Collider
摘要：
2010年11月8日，欧洲核子研究中心的大型强子对撞机（LHC）首次以2.76 TeV/核子的质心能量碰撞了稳定的重离子束（Pb on Pb）。LHC在其一个月的重离子运行期间工作得非常好，提供了大约10微仓的数据，在运行结束时峰值亮度达到$L_{0} = 2 \times 10^{25}{\rm cm}^{-2}{\rm s}^{-1}$。三个实验，ALICE，ATLAS和CMS，记录了他们的第一个重离子数据，并在创纪录的时间内进行了分析。多重性、流动、涨落和玻色-爱因斯坦关联的结果表明，在LHC的核碰撞中形成的火球比低能量的火球更热，寿命更长，并且在冻结时膨胀到更大的尺寸。我们给出了一个概述，这些以及新的结果夸克和重味抑制，喷流能量损失。
英文摘要：
On November 8, 2010 the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN collided first stable beams of heavy ions (Pb on Pb) at center-of-mass energy of 2.76 TeV/nucleon. The LHC worked exceedingly well during its one month of operation with heavy ions, delivering about 10 microbarn-inverse of data, with peak luminosity reaching to $L_{0} = 2 \times 10^{25}{\rm cm}^{-2}{\rm s}^{-1}$ towards the end of the run. Three experiments, ALICE, ATLAS and CMS, recorded their first heavy ion data, which were analyzed in a record time. The results of the multiplicity, flow, fluctuations, and Bose-Einstein correlations indicate that the fireball formed in nuclear collisions at the LHC is hotter, lives longer, and expands to a larger size at freeze-out as compared to lower energies. We give an overview of these as well as new results on quarkonia and heavy flavour suppression, and jet energy loss.
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