OPERA中微子比光速快是因为非惯性参考系吗？
Are OPERA neutrinos faster than light because of non-inertial reference frames?
摘要：
OPERA实验的最新结果报告了中微子束的速度超过光速。该实验测量了从CERN到Gran Sasso站点的中微子飞行时间（TOF）。中微子束比光线早60纳秒到达。由于这个结果对科学有着巨大的影响，因此可能值得仔细检查中微子旅行时间测量的非惯性系的时间定义。OPERA数据分析与参考系的定义和时间同步的潜在问题进行了强调。我们的目标是研究地球上的非惯性时钟的同步，通过将这个时间与太阳系重心（SSB）的惯性观测者的正确时间相关联。Tempo 2软件用于根据SSB惯性观测器时间对大地水准面上观测到的事件进行时间标记。OPERA的中微子结果可能带有非惯性效应的指纹。CERN-Gran Sasso的时钟同步是通过应用依赖于时钟的特殊和广义相对论时间膨胀效应的校正来完成的，这取决于时钟在太阳系引力阱中的位置。因此，TOF分布集中在比预期短几十ns的值上，在4月至12月的一段时间内进行积分，否则时间会更长。值得一提的是，OPERA的运行一直是在4月/5月至11月进行的。如果Tempo 2的分析适用于OPERA实验，那么OPERA合作的出色测量将成为弱场近似下广义相对论理论的证明。这里提出的分析是可证伪的，因为它预测从1月到3月/4月进行实验，中微子束将被检测到比光晚50 ns到达。
英文摘要：
Recent results from the OPERA experiment reported a neutrino beam traveling faster than light. The experiment measured the neutrino time of flight (TOF) over a baseline from the CERN to the Gran Sasso site. The neutrino beam arrives 60 ns earlier than a light ray would do. Because the result has an enormous impact on science, it might be worth double-checking the time definitions with respect to the non-inertial system in which the neutrino travel time was measured. Potential problems in the OPERA data analysis connected with the definition of the reference frame and time synchronization are emphasized. We aim to investigate the synchronization of non-inertial clocks on Earth by relating this time to the proper time of an inertial observer at Solar System Barycenter(SSB). The Tempo2 software was used to time-stamp events observed on the geoid with respect to the SSB inertial observer time. Neutrino results from OPERA might carry the fingerprint of non-inertial effects. The CERN-Gran Sasso clock synchronization is accomplished by applying corrections that depend on special and general relativistic time dilation effects at the clocks, depending on the position of the clocks in the solar system gravitational well. As a consequence, TOF distributions are centered on values shorter by tens of ns than expected, integrating over a period from April to December, longer if otherwise. It is worth remarking that the OPERA runs have always been carried out from April/May to November. If the analysis by Tempo2 holds for the OPERA experiment, the excellent measurement by the OPERA collaboration will turn into a proof of the General Relativity theory in a weak field approximation. The analysis presented here is falsifiable because it predicts that performing the experiment from January to March/April, the neutrino beam will be detected to arrive 50 ns later than light.
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