夸克团恒星：来自表面的提示
Quark-cluster Stars: hints from the surface
摘要：
脉冲星内部的物质可能处于夸克团阶段，因为在几个核密度（2到10倍）的冷致密物质中，夸克仍然可以非常强烈地耦合，并在位置空间中凝聚形成夸克团。由于夸克团星是色禁闭的，并且最初可能是裸露的，因此夸克团星的表面性质与常规的中子星有很大的不同。一些事实表明，为了自然地理解不同的观测表现，脉冲星状致密星的裸露和自限表面可能是必要的。一方面，对于漂移的子脉冲现象，脉冲星表面粒子的结合能应足够高，以产生真空隙，这表明脉冲星表面可能是强自约束的。另一方面，夸克团星的裸露表面可以克服伽马射线暴的重子污染问题，并促进核心坍缩超新星的成功。此外，死亡恒星的非原子热谱也可能表明其表面是没有大气的裸露表面，而夸克团星表面上方电子海的回旋振荡可能是导致这些吸收特征的原因。这些线索可以反映致密星表面的性质，也可能反映内部凝聚态物质的状态，最终可能导致夸克团星的识别。
英文摘要：
The matter inside pulsar-like compact stars could be in a quark-cluster phase since in cold dense matter at a few nuclear densities (2 to 10 times), quarks could be coupled still very strongly and condensate in position space to form quark clusters. Quark-cluster stars are chromatically confined and could initially be bare, therefore the surface properties of quark-cluster stars would be quite different from that of conventional neutron stars. Some facts indicate that a bare and self-confined surface of pulsar-like compact stars might be necessary in order to naturally understand different observational manifestations. On one hand, as for explaining the drifting sub-pulse phenomena, the binding energy of particles on pulsar surface should be high enough to produce vacuum gaps, which indicates that pulsar's surface might be strongly self-confined. On the other hand, a bare surface of quark-cluster star can overcome the baryon contamination problem of Gamma-ray burst as well as promote a successful core-collapse supernova. What is more, the non-atomic thermal spectra of dead pulsars may indicate also a bare surface without atmosphere, and the hydrocyclotron oscillation of the electron sea above the quark-cluster star surface could be responsible for those absorption features detected. These hints could reflect the property of compact star's surface and possibly the state of condensed matter inside, and then might finally result in identifying quark-cluster stars.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
