RF测量I：信号接收技术
RF measurements I: signal receiving techniques
摘要：
对于射频和微波范围内的元件、系统和信号的表征，使用了几种专用仪器。本文讨论了在数字示波器和取样示波器中得到广泛应用的射频信号取样技术的基本原理。这些前端的关键元件是肖特基二极管，它既可用作RF混频器，也可用作单采样器。频谱分析仪已成为射频信号分析中不可或缺的工具。这里的前端是RF混频器，因为现代频谱分析仪的RF部分具有相当复杂的架构。这种复杂性和某些工作原理以及限制的原因进行了讨论。此外，还对标量和矢量信号分析仪的发展作了概述。本文给出了确定单端口噪声温度和双端口噪声系数的基本概念和关系式。最后简要讨论了常用的噪声测量技术。
英文摘要：
For the characterization of components, systems and signals in the RF and microwave range, several dedicated instruments are in use. In this paper the fundamentals of the RF-signal sampling technique, which has found widespread applications in 'digital' oscilloscopes and sampling scopes, are discussed. The key element in these front-ends is the Schottky diode which can be used either as an RF mixer or as a single sampler. The spectrum analyser has become an absolutely indispensable tool for RF signal analysis. Here the front-end is the RF mixer as the RF section of modern spectrum analysers has a rather complex architecture. The reasons for this complexity and certain working principles as well as limitations are discussed. In addition, an overview of the development of scalar and vector signal analysers is given. For the determination of the noise temperature of a one-port and the noise figure of a two-port, basic concepts and relations are shown. A brief discussion of commonly used noise measurement techniques concludes the paper.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
