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arXiv 1201.2408astro-ph.CO
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玉夫座矮球状星系的恒星形成和化学演化历史

The Star Formation & Chemical Evolution History of the Sculptor Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy

T. J. L. de Boer, E. Tolstoy, V. Hill, A. Saha, K. Olsen, E. Starkenburg, B. Lemasle, M. J. Irwin, G. Battaglia

摘要:

我们结合了深测光的B,V和I波段从CTIO/MOSAIC的玉夫座矮球状星系,到最古老的主序列关,光谱的红巨星分支星的金属丰度分布。这使我们能够获得迄今为止最详细和完整的恒星形成历史,以及化学浓缩的准确时间表。恒星形成史显示,玉夫座主要由古老的($>$ 10 Gyr)贫金属恒星组成,但也存在更年轻,更富金属的恒星。使用恒星形成的历史,确定在不同的半径从中心,我们表明,雕塑家形成的恒星随着时间的推移,中心浓度增加。所有半径上都存在着古老的贫金属恒星,而更富金属的年轻恒星则更加集中。我们发现,在一个椭圆半径为1度,或1.5千秒差距的中心,一个总质量为7.8 $\times10^{6}$ M $_{\odot}$的恒星形成,14和7 Gyr前,与峰值在13 $-$ 14 Gyr前。我们使用详细的恒星形成历史,以确定个别红巨星分支恒星的高分辨率光谱丰度的年龄估计。因此,我们第一次可以直接确定单个化学元素演化的详细时间尺度。我们发现,α元素的趋势符合预期的延长,相对不间断的恒星形成期持续6 $-$ 7 Gyr。α-元素分布的拐点出现在10.9 $\pm$ 1 Gyr的年龄,表明超新星Ia的富集开始于玉夫座恒星形成后的$\approx2\pm$ 1 Gyr。

英文摘要:

We have combined deep photometry in the B,V and I bands from CTIO/MOSAIC of the Sculptor dwarf spheroidal galaxy, going down to the oldest Main Sequence Turn-Offs, with spectroscopic metallicity distributions of Red Giant Branch stars. This allows us to obtain the most detailed and complete Star Formation History to date, as well as an accurate timescale for chemical enrichment. The Star Formation History shows that Sculptor is dominated by old ($>$10 Gyr), metal-poor stars, but that younger, more metal-rich populations are also present. Using Star Formation Histories determined at different radii from the centre we show that Sculptor formed stars with an increasing central concentration with time. The old, metal-poor populations are present at all radii, while more metal-rich, younger stars are more centrally concentrated. We find that within an elliptical radius of 1 degree, or 1.5 kpc from the centre, a total mass in stars of 7.8$\times10^{6}$ M$_{\odot}$ was formed, between 14 and 7 Gyr ago, with a peak at 13$-$14 Gyr ago. We use the detailed Star Formation History to determine age estimates for individual Red Giant Branch stars with high resolution spectroscopic abundances. Thus, for the first time, we can directly determine detailed timescales for the evolution of individual chemical elements. We find that the trends in alpha-elements match what is expected from an extended, relatively uninterrupted period of star formation continuing for 6$-$7 Gyr. The knee in the alpha-element distribution occurs at an age of 10.9$\pm$1Gyr, suggesting that SNe Ia enrichment began $\approx2\pm$1Gyr after the start of star formation in Sculptor.

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