电偶极矩搜索：阱中粒子频率移动的再检验
Electric dipole moment searches: reexamination of frequency shifts for particles in traps
摘要：
在实验中寻找一个非零电偶极矩的捕获粒子，频率偏移与所施加的电场可以解释为一个错误的信号。一种这样的效应，称为几何相位效应，已知发生在非完全均匀的磁场中。实验灵敏度的增加需要改进对这种效应的理论描述。在快速粒子的情况下，如在室温和低压下的原子，已建立的理论的有效性仅限于具有圆柱对称性的均匀梯度的圆柱形限制单元。我们开发了一个更一般的理论有效的任意形状的磁场以及任意几何形状的约束细胞。改进后的理论特别适用于用原子余磁计测量中子电偶极矩的实验。在这方面，我们已经复制和扩展早期的数值研究的几何相位效应引起的局部磁性杂质。
英文摘要：
In experiments searching for a nonzero electric dipole moment of trapped particles, frequency shifts correlated with an applied electric field can be interpreted as a false signal. One such effect, referred to as the geometric phase effect, is known to occur in a magnetic field that is nonperfectly homogeneous. The increase in sensitivity of experiments demands improved theoretical description of this effect. In the case of fast particles, like atoms at room temperature and low pressure, the validity of established theories was limited to a cylindrical confinement cell in a uniform gradient with cylindrical symmetry. We develop a more general theory valid for an arbitrary shape of the magnetic field as well as for arbitrary geometry of the confinement cell. Our improved theory is especially relevant for experiments measuring the neutron electric dipole moment with an atomic comagnetometer. In this context, we have reproduced and extended earlier numerical studies of the geometric phase effect induced by localized magnetic impurities.
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