The resistance $R$ vs perpendicular external magnetic field $H$ was measured for superconducting Nb thin--film microbridges with and without microholes [antidots (ADs)]. Well below the transition temperature, integral $R(H)$ measurements of the resistive transition to the normal state on the plain bridge show two distinct regions, which can be identified as bulk and edge superconductivity, respectively. The latter case appears when bulk superconductivity becomes suppressed at the upper critical field $H_{c2}$ and below the critical field of edge superconductivity $H_{c3}\approx 1.7\, H_{c2}$. The presence of additional edges in the AD bridge leads to a different shape of the $R(H)$ curves. We used low-temperature scanning laser microscopy (LTSLM) to visualize the current distribution in the plain and AD bridge upon sweeping $H$. While the plain bridge shows a dominant LTSLM signal at its edges for $H > H_{c2}$ the AD bridge also gives a signal from the inner parts of the bridge due to the additional edge states around the ADs. LTSLM reveals an asymmetry in the current distribution between left and right edges, which confirms theoretical predictions. Furthermore, the experimental results are in good agreement with our numerical simulations (based on the time-dependent Ginzburg--Landau model) yielding the spatial distribution of the order parameter and current density for different bias currents and $H$ values.
New measurements of the transition to the normal state induced by high current densities in high-Tc superconductor microbridges under thermal smallness conditions
Diode Effect May Assist Finding Proper Superconductivity Mechanism in Copper Oxides
Institute for Physical Research, National Academy of Sciences（亚美尼亚国家科学院物理研究所）；Laboratory of Advanced Quantum Materials and Devices, Institute for Quantum Studies, Chapman University（查普曼大学量子研究所先进量子材料与器件实验室）
Sr$_{2}$RuO$_{4}$ is one of the most promising candidates of a topological superconductor with broken time-reversal symmetry, because a number of experiments have revealed evidences for a spin-triplet chiral $p$-wave superconductivity. In order to clarify the time-reversal symmetry of Sr$_{2}$RuO$_{4}$, we introduce a novel test that examines the invariance of the Josephson critical current under the inversion of both the current and magnetic fields, in contrast to the detection of a spontaneous magnetic field employed in past experiments. Analyses of the transport properties of the planar and…
Gap symmetry and structure are crucial issues in understanding the superconducting mechanism of unconventional superconductors. Here we report an in-depth investigation on the out-of-plane lower critical field $H_{c1}^{c}$ of fluorine-based 1111 system superconductor CaFe$_{0.88}$Co$_{0.12}$AsF with $T_c$ = 21 K. A pronounced two-gap feature is revealed by the kink in the temperature dependent $H_{c1}^c(T)$ curve. The magnitudes of the two gaps are determined to be $Δ_1$ = 0.86 meV and $Δ_2$ = 4.48 meV, which account for 74% and 26% of the total superfluid density respectively. Our results sug…
The half-Heusler compounds YPdBi and TbPdBi, while having similar band structure, exhibit different magnetic properties. YPdBi is a diamagnet, while TbPdBi shows antiferromagnetic order below 5.5 K. Both are superconductors with T${_c}\approx$1 K for YPdBi and T${_c}\approx$1.75 K for TbPdBi. Such a contrast in properties between these two compounds opens a question about the effects of band structure or magnetic correlations on superconductivity. Using the combination of a tunnel diode oscillator (TDO) and a commercial dilution refrigerator, we measured temperature dependent magnetic penetrat…
Superconductivity is characterized by a nonvanishing superconducting pair amplitude. It has a definite symmetry in spin, momentum and frequency (time). While the spin and momentum symmetry have been probed experimentally for different classes of superconductivity, the odd-frequency nature of certain superconducting correlations has not been demonstrated yet in a direct way. Here we propose the thermopower as an unambiguous way to assess odd-frequency superconductivity. This is possible since the thermoelectric coefficient given by Andreev-like processes is only finite in the presence of odd-fr…
Possible unconventional superconductivity in substituted BaFe$_{2}$As$_{2}$ revealed by magnetic pair-breaking studies
在BaFe $_{2}$ As $_{2}$衍生的超导体（SC）中可能存在变号能隙对称性是近几年来令人兴奋的研究课题。为了进一步研究这个问题，我们结合电子自旋共振（ESR）和压力相关的输运测量，研究磁对破坏BaFe $_{1.9}M_{0.1}$作为$_{2}$（$M=$锰，钴，铜，镍）单晶的影响。ESR信号，局部磁矩的存在下，观察到只有$M=$铜和锰化合物，显示非常低的SC转变温度（$T_{c}$）和没有SC，分别。从假设不存在瓶颈效应的ESR分析中，提取微观参数，以表明$T_{c}$的这种减少不能用保号间隙函数的Abrikosov-Gorkov破对表达式来解释。我们的研究结果揭示了一个非常规的自旋和压力相关的对破缺效应，并对这些材料的配对对称性施加强约束。
By partially doping Pb to effectively suppress the superstructure in single-layered cuprate Bi2Sr2CuO6+δ(Pb-Bi2201) and annealing them in vacuum or in high pressure oxygen atmosphere, a series of high quality Pb-Bi2201 single crystals are obtained with Tc covering from 17 K to non-supercondcuting in the overdoped region. High resolution angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) measurements are carried out on these samples to investigate the evolution of the Fermi surface topology with doping in the normal state. Clear and complete Fermi surface are observed and quantitatively analyzed…
The nature of the pseudogap and its relationship with superconductivity are one of the central issues of cuprate superconductors. Recently, a possible scenario has been proposed that the pseudogap state is a distinct phase characterized by spontaneous rotational symmetry breaking called "nematicity" based on transport and magnetic susceptibility measurements, where the symmetry breaking was observed below the pseudogap temperature $T^*$. Here, we report a temperature-dependent ARPES study of nematicity in slightly overdoped Bi${}_{1.7}$Pb${}_{0.5}$Sr${}_{1.9}$CaCu${}_2$O${}_{8+δ}$ triggered by…
Correlation between Superconductivity and Magnetic Fluctuations in Fe(Se1-xSx) Revealed by 77Se NMR
我们目前的$^{77}$ Se-NMR测量FeSe $_{1-x}$ S $_x$样品与硫含量$x=0,9,15$和$29\%$。除了$x=29\%$之外，在所有样品的NMR光谱中观察到孪晶畴。NMR自旋-晶格弛豫速率表明，磁波动最初增强之间的$x=0\%$和$x=9\%$，但强烈抑制较高的$x$值。所观察到的行为的磁波动平行的超导转变温度$T_c$在这些材料中，提供了强有力的证据的主要重要性的磁波动的超导性，尽管在这个系统中存在的量子临界。
We observe proximity-induced superconductivity in the \textit{in situ} prepared heterostructures constructed by topological insulator Bi$_{2}$Te$_{3}$ thin films and high-temperature cuprate superconductors Bi$_{2}$Sr$_{2}$CaCu$_{2}$O$_{8+δ}$. The superconducting gap maximum is about 7.6 meV on the surface of Bi$_{2}$Te$_{3}$ thin films with a thickness of two quintuple layers, and the gap value decreases with an increase in the film thickness. Moreover, the quasiparticle interference data show a clear evidence of a twofold symmetric superconducting gap with gap minima along one pair of the pr…
Although phase diagrams can be leveraged to investigate high transition temperature (high-$T_c$) superconductivity, the issue has not been discussed thoroughly. In this study, we elucidate the phase diagram of the overdoped side of high-$T_c$ cuprates via systematic anisotropic transport measurements for Pb-doped Bi-2212 single crystals. We demonstrate that the characteristic temperatures of the "weak" pseudogap opening and electronic coherence cross each other at a critical doping level, while those of the "strong" pseudogap merges into that of superconducting fluctuations above the critical …
Competition between the structural phase transition and superconductivity in Ir$_{1-x}$Pt$_x$Te$_2$ as revealed by pressure effects
报道了Ir $_{1-x}$ Pt $_x$ Te $_2$的压力依赖输运测量结果。随着压力的增加，高温下的结构相变增强，而低温下的超导转变被抑制。这些压力效应使Ir $_{1-x}$ Pt $_x$ Te $_2$不同于其他研究的$T$ X $_2$系统，表现出电荷密度波（CDW）状态，其中压力通常抑制CDW状态并增强超导状态。结果表明，在Ir $_{1-x}$ Pt $_x$ Te $_2$中，超导电性的出现与低温单斜相的稳定性竞争。
Two different ferroelectric materials, Sr$_{0.95}$Ba$_{0.05}$TiO$_3$ and Sr$_{0.985}$Ca$_{0.015}$TiO$_3$, can be turned into polar metals with broken centrosymmetry via electron doping. Systematic substitution of Nb$^{5+}$ for Ti$^{4+}$ has revealed that these polar metals both commonly show a simple superconducting dome with a single convex shape. Interestingly, the superconducting transition temperature $T_\mathrm{c}$ is enhanced more strongly in these polar metals when compared with the nonpolar matrix Sr(Ti,Nb)O$_3$. The maximum $T_\mathrm{c}$ reaches 0.75K, which is the highest reported v…
Though the superconducting phase of the type-II Dirac semimetal PdTe$_2$ was shown to be conventional in nature, the phase continued to be interesting in terms of its magnetic properties. While certain experiments indicated an unexpected type-I superconducting phase, other experiments revealed formation of vortices under the application of magnetic fields. Recently, scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS) experiments revealed the existence of a mixed phase where type-I and type-II behaviours coexist. Here, based on our temperature and magnetic field dependent STS experiments on Cu-intercalated P…
The discovery of a magnetic-field-induced charge-density-wave (CDW) order in the pseudogap state via nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) studies has highlighted the importance of "charge" in the physics of high transition-temperature ($T_{\rm c}$) superconductivity in copper oxides (cuprates). Herein, after briefly reviewing the progress achieved in the last few years, we report new results of $^{63,65}$Cu-NMR measurements on the CDW order and its fluctuation in the single-layered cuprate Bi$_2$Sr$_{2-x}$La$_x$CuO$_{6+δ}$. The NMR spectrum under both in- and out-of-plane magnetic fields above $ H…
Temperature dependent anisotropy and two-band superconductivity revealed by lower critical field in organic superconductor $κ$-(BEDT-TTF)$_{2}$Cu[N(CN)$_{2}$]Br
We report $^{121/123}$Sb nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) and $^{51}$V nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements on kagome metal CsV$_3$Sb$_5$ with $T_{\rm c}=2.5$ K. Both $^{51}$V NMR spectra and $^{121/123}$Sb NQR spectra split after a charge density wave (CDW) transition, which demonstrates a commensurate CDW state. The coexistence of the high temperature phase and the CDW phase between $91$ K and $94$ K manifests that it is a first order phase transition. At low temperature, electric-field-gradient fluctuations diminish and magnetic fluctuations become dominant. Superconductivity eme…
Conventional s-wave superconductivity in BiS2-based NdO0.71F0.29BiS2 revealed by thermal transport measurements
为了研究BiS $_2$基层状化合物NdO $_{0.71}$ F $_{0.29}$ BiS $_{2}$（$T$ $_{\rm c}$ = 5 K）的超导带隙结构，我们测量了低能准粒子谱的灵敏探针热导率$κ$.在没有磁场的情况下，在$T$ $\rightarrow$ 0处的热导率$κ_{0}$ / $T$中只有非常小的剩余线性项，表明不存在节点超导体所期望的剩余正常流体。此外，外加磁场几乎不影响的热导率在很宽的范围内的涡旋状态，表明没有多普勒频移准粒子。这些结果为NdO $_{0.71}$ F $_{0.29}$ BiS $_{2}$是完全带隙超导体提供了证据。得到的带隙结构，以及对杂质的超导性的鲁棒性，表明NdO $_{0.71}$ F $_{0.29}$ BiS $_{2}$中存在一个常规的$s$波超导态.
Anisotropic strain is an external field capable of selectively addressing the role of nematic fluctuations in promoting superconductivity. We demonstrate this using polarization-resolved elasto-Raman scattering to probe the evolution of nematic fluctuations under strain in the normal and superconducting states of the paradigmatic iron-based superconductor Ba(Fe$_{1-x}$Co$_x$)$_2$As$_2$. In the non-superconducting parent compound BaFe$_2$As$_2$ we observe a strain-induced suppression of the nematic susceptibility which follows the expected behavior of an Ising order parameter under a symmetry b…
Unconventional Superconductivity Induced by Quantum Critical Fluctuations in Hydrate Cobaltate Na$_{x}$(H$_3$O)$_{z}$CoO$_{x}\cdot$ $y$H$_{2}$O -- Relationship between Magnetic Fluctuations and the Superconductivity Revealed by a Co Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance --
We report a $μ$SR study on the antiperovskite oxide superconductor Sr$_{3-x}$SnO. With transverse-field $μ$SR, we observed the increase of the muon relaxation rate upon cooling below the superconducting transition temperature $T_{\mathrm{c}}=5.4$ K, evidencing bulk superconductivity. The exponential temperature dependence of the relaxation rate $σ$ at low temperatures suggests a fully gapped superconducting state. We evaluated the zero-temperature penetration depth $λ(0)\propto1/\sqrt{σ(0)}$ to be around 320-1020 nm. Such a large value is consistent with the picture of a doped Dirac semimetal.…
The interplay of different emergent phenomena -- superconductivity (SC) and domain formation -- appearing on different spatial and energy scales are investigated using high-resolution scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS) in the prototypical transition metal dichalcogenide superconductor $1T$-TaSSe single crystals ($T_{SC} = 3.2$ K) at temperatures from 1 to 20 K. Our major observation is that while the SC gap size smoothly varies on the scale of $\lesssim 10$ nm, its spatial distribution is not correlated to the domain structure. On the other hand, there is statistically significant correlati…
