APD作为可见光和近红外波段的单光子探测器
APDs as Single-Photon Detectors for Visible and Near-Infrared Wavelenghts down to Hz Rates
摘要：
对于德国GSI的SPECTRAP实验，需要在可见光和近红外区域具有单光子计数能力的探测器。对于高达1100 nm的波长区域，我们研究了由辐射监测设备制造的S 0223型2x2 mm^2雪崩光电二极管（APD）的性能。为了最小化热噪声，APD被冷却到大约-170 ° C。C使用液氮。通过使二极管接近击穿电压工作，可以实现超过2x10^4的相对增益。定制的低噪声前置放大器用于读出器件。本文中给出的测量值是在相对增益为2.2x10^4时获得的。在6 mV的阈值下，所得到的暗计数率在230/s的范围内。在此条件下，APD能够探测到628 nm波长的单光子，光电探测效率为（67 ± 7）%。在1020 nm波长处的测量已被使用的衰减输出的光栅光谱仪与灯泡作为光子源进行。利用这种设置，在1020 nm处的光检测效率已被确定为（13 ± 3）%，同样在6 mV的阈值处。
英文摘要：
For the SPECTRAP experiment at GSI, Germany, detectors with Single-Photon counting capability in the visible and near-infrared regime are required. For the wavelength region up to 1100 nm we investigate the performance of 2x2 mm^2 avalanche photo diodes (APDs) of type S0223 manufactured by Radiation Monitoring Devices. To minimize thermal noise, the APDs are cooled to approximately -170 deg. C using liquid nitrogen. By operating the diodes close to the breakdown voltage it is possible to achieve relative gains in excess of 2x10^4. Custom-made low noise preamplifiers are used to read out the devices. The measurements presented in this paper have been obtained at a relative gain of 2.2x10^4. At a discriminator threshold of 6 mV the resulting dark count rate is in the region of 230/s. With these settings the studied APDs are able to detect single photons at 628 nm wavelength with a photo detection efficiency of (67+-7)%. Measurements at 1020 nm wavelength have been performed using the attenuated output of a grating spectrograph with a light bulb as photon source. With this setup the photo detection efficiency at 1020 nm has been determined to be (13+-3)%, again at a threshold of 6 mV.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
