论广义协方差的意义和广义相对论中观测者的相关性
On the Meaning of General Covariance and the Relevance of Observers in General Relativity
摘要：
自广义相对论出现以来，其内在的广义协方差经常被误解为意味着物理上有意义的量（以及从理论中提取的结论）必须绝对独立于观察者。这种不正确的观点有时是通过在理论的结构和应用中抛弃观察者的概念来表达的。正如我们将在这篇文章中通过一些例子强调的那样，观察者的概念对于广义相对论和对于任何物理理论一样重要。
英文摘要：
Since the appearance of General Relativity, its intrinsec general covariance has been very often misinterpreted as implying that physically meaningful quantitities (and conclusions extracted from the theory) have to be absolutely independent on observers. This incorrect point of view is sometimes expressed by discarding the very concept of observer in the structure and applications of the theory. As we shall stress in this essay, through some examples, the concept of observer is as essential to General Relativity as it is to any physical theory.
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