Huan Lin, Scott Dodelson, Hee-Jong Seo, Marcelle Soares-Santos, James Annis, Jiangang Hao, David Johnston, Jeffrey M. Kubo, Ribamar R. R. Reis, Melanie Simet
备注：
17 pages, 19 figures, submitted to ApJ. Analysis updated using revised photo-z catalog of Reis et al. arXiv:1111.6620v2. Changes in results are within the errors and the conclusions are unaffected
Stripe 82 in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey was observed multiple times, allowing deeper images to be constructed by coadding the data. Here we analyze the ellipticities of background galaxies in this 275 square degree region, searching for evidence of distortions due to cosmic shear. The E-mode is detected in both real and Fourier space with $>5$-$σ$ significance on degree scales, while the B-mode is consistent with zero as expected. The amplitude of the signal constrains the combination of the matter density $Ω_m$ and fluctuation amplitude $σ_8$ to be $Ω_m^{0.7}σ_8 = 0.252^{+0.032}_{-0.052}$.
We measure the cosmic shear power spectrum on large angular scales by cross-correlating the shapes of ~9 million galaxies measured in the optical SDSS survey with the shapes of ~2.7x10^5 radio galaxies measured by the overlapping VLA-FIRST survey. Our measurements span the multipole range 10 < l < 130, corresponding to angular scales 2deg < θ < 20deg. On these scales, the shear maps from both surveys suffer from significant systematic effects that prohibit a measurement of the shear power spectrum from either survey alone. Conversely we demonstrate that a power spectrum measured by cross-corre…
We search for the lensing signal of massive filaments between 135,000 pairs of Luminous Red Galaxies (LRGs) from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. We develop a new estimator that cleanly removes the much larger shear signal of the neighboring LRG halos, relying only on the assumption of spherical symmetry. We consider two models: a thick filament model constructed from ray-tracing simulations for $Λ$CDM model, and a thin filament model which models the filament by a string of halos along the line connecting the two LRGs. We show that the filament lensing signal is in nice agreement with the thick …
We measure weak lensing mass profiles of voids from a volume-limited sample of SDSS Luminous Red Galaxies (LRGs). We find voids using an algorithm designed to maximize the lensing signal by dividing the survey volume into 2D slices, and then finding holes in this 2D distribution of LRGs. We perform a stacked shear measurement on about 20,000 voids with radii between 15-55 Mpc/h and redshifts between 0.16-0.37. We measure the characteristic radial shear signal of voids with a signal-to-noise of 7. The mass profile corresponds to a fractional underdensity of about -0.4 inside the void radius and…
COSMOGRAIL: the COSmological MOnitoring of GRAvItational Lenses VIII. Deconvolution of high resolution near-IR images and simple mass models for 7 gravitationally lensed quasars
We perform a measurement of the mass--richness relation of the redMaPPer galaxy cluster catalogue using weak lensing data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. We have carefully characterized a broad range of systematic uncertainties, including shear calibration errors, photo-$z$ biases, dilution by member galaxies, source obscuration, magnification bias, incorrect assumptions about cluster mass profiles, cluster centering, halo triaxiality, and projection effects. We also compare measurements of the lensing signal from two independently-produced shear and photometric redshift catalogues to chara…
As a large-scale overdensity collapses, it affects the orientation and shape of galaxies that form, by exerting tidal shear along their axes. Therefore, the shapes of elliptical galaxies align with the tidal field of cosmic structures. This intrinsic alignment provides insights into galaxy formation and the primordial universe, complements late-time cosmological probes and constitutes a significant systematic effect for weak gravitational lensing observations. In the present study, we provide constraints on the linear alignment model using a fully Bayesian field-level approach, using galaxy sh…
We present cosmological parameter constraints based on a joint modeling of galaxy-lensing cross correlations and galaxy clustering measurements in the SDSS, marginalizing over small-scale modeling uncertainties using mock galaxy catalogs, without explicit modeling of galaxy bias. We show that our modeling method is robust to the impact of different choices for how galaxies occupy dark matter halos and to the impact of baryonic physics (at the $\sim2\%$ level in cosmological parameters) and test for the impact of covariance on the likelihood analysis and of the survey window function on the the…
For cosmic shear to become an accurate cosmological probe, systematic errors in the shear measurement method must be unambiguously identified and corrected for. Previous work of this series has demonstrated that cosmic shears can be measured accurately in Fourier space in the presence of background noise and finite pixel size, without assumptions on the morphologies of galaxy and PSF. The remaining major source of error is source Poisson noise, due to the finiteness of source photon number. This problem is particularly important for faint galaxies in space-based weak lensing measurements, and …
We present host stellar velocity dispersion measurements for a sample of 88 broad-line quasars at 0.1<z<1 (46 at z>0.6) from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Reverberation Mapping (SDSS-RM) project. High signal-to-noise ratio coadded spectra (average S/N~30 per 69 km/s pixel) from SDSS-RM allowed decomposition of the host and quasar spectra, and measurement of the host stellar velocity dispersions and black hole (BH) masses using the single-epoch (SE) virial method. The large sample size and dynamic range in luminosity (L5100=10^(43.2-44.7) erg/s) lead to the first clear detection of a correlation…
We investigate the performance of the Metacalibration shear calibration framework using simulated imaging data for the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope (Roman) reference High-Latitude Imaging Survey (HLIS). The weak lensing program of the Roman mission requires the mean weak lensing shear estimate to be calibrated within about 0.03%. To reach this goal, we can test our calibration process with various simulations and ultimately isolate the sources of residual shear biases in order to improve our methods. In this work, we build on the Roman HLIS image simulation pipeline in Troxel et al. 2021 …
We present the first weak lensing calibration of $μ_{\star}$, a new galaxy cluster mass proxy corresponding to the total stellar mass of red and blue members, in two cluster samples selected from the SDSS Stripe 82 data: 230 redMaPPer clusters at redshift $0.1\leq z<0.33$ and 136 Voronoi Tessellation (VT) clusters at $0.1 \leq z < 0.6$. We use the CS82 shear catalog and stack the clusters in $μ_{\star}$ bins to measure a mass-observable power law relation. For redMaPPer clusters we obtain $M_0 = (1.77 \pm 0.36) \times 10^{14}h^{-1} M_{\odot}$, $α= 1.74 \pm 0.62$. For VT clusters, we find $M_0 …
We present the application of the pseudo-spectrum method to galaxy-galaxy lensing. We derive explicit expressions for the pseudo-spectrum analysis of the galaxy-shear cross spectrum, which is the Fourier space counterpart of the stacked galaxy-galaxy lensing profile. The pseudo-spectrum method corrects observational issues such as the survey geometry, masks of bright stars and their spikes, and inhomogeneous noise, which distort the spectrum and also mix the E-mode and the B-mode signals. Using ray-tracing simulations in N-body simulations including realistic masks, we confirm that the pseudo-…
We use the coadded spectra of 32 epochs of Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Reverberation Mapping Project observations of 482 quasars with z>1.46 to highlight systematic biases in the SDSS- and BOSS-pipeline redshifts due to the natural diversity of quasar properties. We investigate the characteristics of this bias by comparing the BOSS-pipeline redshifts to an estimate from the centroid of HeII 1640. HeII has a low equivalent width but is often well-defined in high-S/N spectra, does not suffer from self-absorption, and has a narrow component that, when present (the case for about half of our s…
Hyper Suprime-Cam Y3 results: photo-$z$ bias calibration with lensing shear ratios and cosmological constraints from cosmic shear
Leiden Observatory, Leiden University（莱顿天文台，莱顿大学）；Inter University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics（大学天文学与天体物理中心）；Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), University of Tokyo（东京大学 Kavli宇宙物理学与数学研究所（WPI））；Kobayashi-Maskawa Institute for the Origin of Particles and the Universe (KMI), Nagoya University（名古屋大学 Kobayashi-Maskawa粒子宇宙起源研究所（KMI））；Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University（名古屋大学高等研究院）；Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania（宾夕法尼亚大学物理与天文学系）；Department of Physics and Astronomy and PITT PACC, University of Pittsburgh（匹兹堡大学物理与天文学系及PITT PACC）；National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), National Institutes of Natural Science（日本国立天文台（NAOJ），国立自然科学研究院）；The Institute of Statistical Mathematics（统计科学研究所）
We use the overlap between multiband photometry of the Kilo-Degree Survey (KiDS) and spectroscopic data based on the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) and Galaxy And Mass Assembly (GAMA) to infer the colour-magnitude relation of red-sequence galaxies. We then use this inferred relation to select luminous red galaxies (LRGs) in the redshift range of $0.1<z<0.7$ over the entire KiDS Data Release 3 footprint. We construct two samples of galaxies with different constant comoving densities and different luminosity thresholds. The selected red galaxies have photometric redshifts with typical photo-z e…
We present the VISTA-CFHT Stripe 82 (VICS82) survey: a near-infrared (J+Ks) survey covering 150 square degrees of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) equatorial Stripe 82 to an average depth of J=21.9 AB mag and Ks=21.4 AB mag (80% completeness limits; 5-sigma point source depths are approximately 0.5 mag brighter). VICS82 contributes to the growing legacy of multi-wavelength data in the Stripe 82 footprint. The addition of near-infrared photometry to the existing SDSS Stripe 82 coadd ugriz photometry reduces the scatter in stellar mass estimates to delta log(M_stellar)~0.3 dex for galaxies wi…
We present a tomographic weak lensing analysis of the Kilo Degree Survey Data Release 4 (KiDS-1000), using a new pseudo angular power spectrum estimator (pseudo-$C_{\ell}$) under development for the ESA Euclid mission. Over 21 million galaxies with shape information are divided into five tomographic redshift bins, ranging from 0.1 to 1.2 in photometric redshift. We measured pseudo-$C_{\ell}$ using eight bands in the multipole range $76<\ell<1500$ for auto- and cross-power spectra between the tomographic bins. A series of tests were carried out to check for systematic contamination from a varie…
Quasar emission lines are often shifted from the systemic velocity due to various dynamical and radiative processes in the line-emitting region. The level of these velocity shifts depends both on the line species and on quasar properties. We study velocity shifts for the line peaks of various narrow and broad quasar emission lines relative to systemic using a sample of 849 quasars from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Reverberation Mapping (SDSS-RM) project. The coadded (from 32 epochs) spectra of individual quasars have sufficient signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) to measure stellar absorption lines to…
We release the next installment of the Stripe 82 X-ray survey point-source catalog, which currently covers 31.3 deg$^2$ of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Stripe 82 Legacy field. In total, 6181 unique X-ray sources are significantly detected with {\it XMM-Newton} ($>5σ$) and {\it Chandra} ($>4.5σ$). This catalog release includes data from {\it XMM-Newton} cycle AO 13, which approximately doubled the Stripe 82X survey area. The flux limits of the Stripe 82X survey are $8.7\times10^{-16}$ erg s$^{-1}$ cm$^{-2}$, $4.7\times10^{-15}$ erg s$^{-1}$ cm$^{-2}$, and $2.1\times10^{-15}$ erg s$^{-1}$…
We present 108 full-sky gravitational lensing simulation data sets generated by performing multiple-lens plane ray-tracing through high-resolution cosmological $N$-body simulations. The data sets include full-sky convergence and shear maps from redshifts $z=0.05$ to $5.3$ at intervals of $150 \, h^{-1}{\rm Mpc}$ comoving radial distance (corresponding to a redshift interval of $Δz \simeq 0.05$ at the nearby universe), enabling the construction of a mock shear catalog for an arbitrary source distribution up to $z=5.3$. The dark matter halos are identified from the same $N$-body simulations with…
We use weak-lensing shear measurements to determine the mean mass of optically selected galaxy clusters in Dark Energy Survey Science Verification data. In a blinded analysis, we split the sample of more than 8,000 redMaPPer clusters into 15 subsets, spanning ranges in the richness parameter $5 \leq λ\leq 180$ and redshift $0.2 \leq z \leq 0.8$, and fit the averaged mass density contrast profiles with a model that accounts for seven distinct sources of systematic uncertainty: shear measurement and photometric redshift errors; cluster-member contamination; miscentering; deviations from the NFW …
The Kilo-Degree Survey (KiDS) is a multi-band imaging survey designed for cosmological studies from weak lensing and photometric redshifts. It uses the ESO VLT Survey Telescope with its wide-field camera OmegaCAM. KiDS images are taken in four filters similar to the SDSS ugri bands. The best-seeing time is reserved for deep r-band observations that reach a median 5-sigma limiting AB magnitude of 24.9 with a median seeing that is better than 0.7arcsec. Initial KiDS observations have concentrated on the GAMA regions near the celestial equator, where extensive, highly complete redshift catalogues…
