作为正统量子力学的结果的表观溯因性被修正以适应充分理由原则
Apparent Retrocausation as a Consequence of Orthodox Quantum Mechanics Refined to Accommodate the Principle of Sufficient Reason
摘要：
充分理由原则认为，任何事情的发生都是有原因的：除非有充分的理由说明该特定事情应该发生，否则任何确定的事态都不可能形成。这一原则通常被认为是莱布尼茨的，尽管第一个使用这一原则的西方哲学家是米利都的阿那克西曼德。要求自然是理性的，在这个意义上，它是兼容的原则，充分的理由，冲突的一个基本特征，当代正统物理理论，即概念，自然的反应，以探测行动的观察者是由纯粹的机会，因此在绝对没有理由的基础上。这种对纯粹偶然性的诉求可以被认为在以理性为基础的西方科学中没有理性的基本地位。在此，根据量子物理学的其他基本原理，在一个符合充分理性原则的世界中，通常的量子统计规则将自然地出现在实用主义层面，在自然选择反应背后的原因未知的情况下，但是，当选择的原因可以通过经验确定时，通常的统计数据可能会以经验上明显的和明显的追溯因果的方式变得有偏见。这里表明，如果量子力学的统计定律以某种合理的方式发生偏差，那么正统量子力学所描述的经验实在的基本上向前的时间展开将产生科学文献中所报道的那种向后时间因果关系的出现。
英文摘要：
The principle of sufficient reason asserts that anything that happens does so for a reason: no definite state of affairs can come into being unless there is a sufficient reason why that particular thing should happen. This principle is usually attributed to Leibniz, although the first recorded Western philosopher to use it was Anaximander of Miletus. The demand that nature be rational, in the sense that it be compatible with the principle of sufficient reason, conflicts with a basic feature of contemporary orthodox physical theory, namely the notion that nature's response to the probing action of an observer is determined by pure chance, and hence on the basis of absolutely no reason at all. This appeal to pure chance can be deemed to have no rational fundamental place in reason-based Western science. It is argued here, on the basis of the other basic principles of quantum physics, that in a world that conforms to the principle of sufficient reason, the usual quantum statistical rules will naturally emerge at the pragmatic level, in cases where the reason behind Nature's choice of response is unknown, but that the usual statistics can become biased in an empirically manifest and apparently retrocausal way when the reason for the choice is empirically identifiable. It is shown here that if the statistical laws of quantum mechanics were to be biased in a certain plausible way then the basically forward-in-time unfolding of empirical reality described by orthodox quantum mechanics would generate the appearance of backward-time-causation of the kind that have been reported in the scientific literature.
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