一种控制相变顺序的方法：离散自旋模型中的不可见态
A Method to Control Order of Phase Transition: Invisible States in Discrete Spin Models
摘要：
研究相变的本质是统计物理、材料科学、计算科学等广泛领域的重要课题。最近有报道指出，对于具有相变的系统，量子绝热演化/量子退火的效率很高，但我们在这类系统中不能得到很好的解。因此，控制相变的性质也成为量子信息科学中的一个热点。本文综述了相变的本质以及如何控制相变的有序性。我们以伊辛模型、标准Potts模型、Blume-Capel模型、Wajnflasz-Pick模型和具有不可见态的Potts模型为例。对于存在相变的系统，至今还没有通用的方法来避免退火方法的困难。提出一种如何擦除或如何控制目标系统中的相变性质的方法是一个具有挑战性的问题。
英文摘要：
It is an important topic to investigate nature of the phase transition in wide area of science such as statistical physics, materials science, and computational science. Recently it has been reported the efficiency of quantum adiabatic evolution/quantum annealing for systems which exhibit a phase transition, and we cannot obtain a good solution in such systems. Thus, to control the nature of the phase transition has been also attracted attention in quantum information science. In this paper we review nature of the phase transition and how to control the order of the phase transition. We take the Ising model, the standard Potts model, the Blume-Capel model, the Wajnflasz-Pick model, and the Potts model with invisible states for instance. Until now there is no general method to avoid the difficulty of annealing method in systems which exhibit a phase transition. It is a challenging problem to propose a method how to erase or how to control the nature of the phase transition in the target system.
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