零温失相与弗里德尔求和规则
Zero temperature Dephasing and the Friedel Sum Rule
摘要：
检测干涉粒子通过干涉仪的一个臂，称为“哪条路径”测量，会导致干涉可见度下降（失相）。这里我们考虑处于{ \em平衡}的检测器。在有限的温度下，退相是由探测器的热波动引起的。更有趣的是，在零温度极限下，探测器的平衡量子涨落引起了非平衡干涉仪的失相。这种失相是正交性突变的一种表现，它与安德森的突变在性质上不同。它的大小与弗里德尔求和规则直接相关。
英文摘要：
Detecting the passage of an interfering particle through one of the interferometer's arms, known as "which path" measurement, gives rise to interference visibility degradation (dephasing). Here we consider a detector at {\em equilibrium}. At finite temperature dephasing is caused by thermal fluctuations of the detector. More interestingly, in the zero temperature limit, equilibrium quantum fluctuations of the detector give rise to dephasing of the out-of-equilibrium interferometer. This dephasing is a manifestation of an orthogonality catastrophe which differs qualitatively from Anderson's. Its magnitude is directly related to the Friedel sum rule.
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