重温卡林顿事件：大气影响的更新模型
Revisiting the Carrington Event: Updated modeling of atmospheric effects
摘要：
1859年8月至9月的卡林顿白光耀斑和随后的地磁风暴等重大太阳事件对地球的影响令人相当感兴趣，特别是考虑到最近的预测，这种极端事件在未来几十年内将更有可能发生。在这里，我们提出了模拟大气的影响，特别是生产奇数氮化合物和随后的臭氧消耗，太阳质子与卡林顿事件。这项研究结合了以前两项研究的方法，这一事件的大气影响。我们调查NOy化合物的变化，以及使用一个二维的大气化学和动力学模型消耗O3。大气电离计算使用的距离-能量关系与四个不同的代理质子光谱与最近著名的太阳质子事件。我们发现，大气成分的变化与以前的研究是合理的协议，但使用的四个代理光谱的影响比这些研究之一发现的变化更广泛。特别是，我们发现更大的影响更硬的质子光谱，给定一个恒定的总通量。我们报告计算的硝酸盐沉积值，并与冰芯中的测量值进行比较。最后，我们简要地探讨了模拟臭氧消耗对地表太阳紫外辐射的影响。
英文摘要：
The terrestrial effects of major solar events such as the Carrington white-light flare and subsequent geomagnetic storm of August-September 1859 are of considerable interest, especially in light of recent predictions that such extreme events will be more likely over the coming decades. Here we present results of modeling the atmospheric effects, especially production of odd nitrogen compounds and subsequent depletion of ozone, by solar protons associated with the Carrington event. This study combines approaches from two previous studies of the atmospheric effect of this event. We investigate changes in NOy compounds as well as depletion of O3 using a two-dimensional atmospheric chemistry and dynamics model. Atmospheric ionization is computed using a range-energy relation with four different proxy proton spectra associated with more recent well-known solar proton events. We find that changes in atmospheric constituents are in reasonable agreement with previous studies, but effects of the four proxy spectra used vary more widely than found by one of those studies. In particular, we find greater impact for harder proton spectra, given a constant total fluence. We report computed nitrate deposition values and compare to measured values in ice cores. Finally, we briefly investigate the impact of the modeled ozone depletion on surface-level solar ultraviolet radiation.
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