模块化软件网络的演化
Evolution of a Modular Software Network
摘要：
“进化就像一个修补匠”（弗朗索瓦·雅各布，《科学》，1977年）。软件系统提供了一个独特的机会来理解生物过程使用网络理论的概念。Debian GNU/Linux操作系统允许我们以一种新颖的方式探索复杂网络的演变。在其增长过程中检测到的模块化设计是基于现有代码的重用，以最大限度地减少编程期间的成本。随着时间的推移，系统模块化程度的增加并没有抵消模块内软件包之间不兼容性的增加。这种负面影响远非设计的失败。一个随机的软件包安装过程表明，模块化程度越高，在本地计算机上正常工作的软件包的比例就越大。来自不同模块的包之间的冲突的相对数量的减少避免了一个包的功能故障在整个系统中传播。一些潜在的类比与进化和生态过程确定相互作用的物种的生态网络的结构进行了讨论。
英文摘要：
"Evolution behaves like a tinkerer" (Francois Jacob, Science, 1977). Software systems provide a unique opportunity to understand biological processes using concepts from network theory. The Debian GNU/Linux operating system allows us to explore the evolution of a complex network in a novel way. The modular design detected during its growth is based on the reuse of existing code in order to minimize costs during programming. The increase of modularity experienced by the system over time has not counterbalanced the increase in incompatibilities between software packages within modules. This negative effect is far from being a failure of design. A random process of package installation shows that the higher the modularity the larger the fraction of packages working properly in a local computer. The decrease in the relative number of conflicts between packages from different modules avoids a failure in the functionality of one package spreading throughout the entire system. Some potential analogies with the evolutionary and ecological processes determining the structure of ecological networks of interacting species are discussed.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
