量化环境和社会对鱼群动态的影响之间的相互作用
Quantifying the interplay between environmental and social effects on aggregated-fish dynamics
摘要：
演示和量化的社会相互作用和外部刺激支配鱼类动态的各自作用是理解鱼类空间分布的关键。如果开创性的研究，有助于我们了解鱼类的空间组织在学校，很少有实验信息可在鱼类在其自然环境中，聚集往往发生在空间异质性的存在。在这里，我们采用了新的建模方法，再加上准确的声学跟踪研究一组群居鱼类在异质环境中的动态。为此目的，我们声学跟踪亚米级分辨率的位置，12个小的中上层鱼类（Selar crumenophthalmus）的存在下，锚定的漂浮物，构成一个点的吸引力几种鱼类。我们构建了一个基于场的聚合鱼动态模型，从实验中获得有效的社会和外部刺激的相互作用。我们调整了最适合实验数据的模型参数，并量化了聚集中社会互动的重要性，为漂浮物周围的鱼类聚集的空间结构提供了解释。我们的研究结果可以推广到其他群居物种和上下文，只要有可能观察到的一个子集的个人的精细规模的运动。
英文摘要：
Demonstrating and quantifying the respective roles of social interactions and external stimuli governing fish dynamics is key to understanding fish spatial distribution. If seminal studies have contributed to our understanding of fish spatial organization in schools, little experimental information is available on fish in their natural environment, where aggregations often occur in the presence of spatial heterogeneities. Here, we applied novel modeling approaches coupled to accurate acoustic tracking for studying the dynamics of a group of gregarious fish in a heterogeneous environment. To this purpose, we acoustically tracked with submeter resolution the positions of twelve small pelagic fish (Selar crumenophthalmus) in the presence of an anchored floating object, constituting a point of attraction for several fish species. We constructed a field-based model for aggregated-fish dynamics, deriving effective interactions for both social and external stimuli from experiments. We tuned the model parameters that best fit the experimental data and quantified the importance of social interactions in the aggregation, providing an explanation for the spatial structure of fish aggregations found around floating objects. Our results can be generalized to other gregarious species and contexts as long as it is possible to observe the fine-scale movements of a subset of individuals.
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