量子金发姑娘效应：量子输运中时间尺度的收敛
The quantum Goldilocks effect: on the convergence of timescales in quantum transport
摘要：
光合作用中激子的传输具有很宽的时间尺度。吸收和初始弛豫发生在数十飞秒内。激子的寿命是纳秒的量级。跳跃率、发色团之间的能量差、重组能量和退相干率对应于皮秒量级的时间尺度。时间尺度发散的功能性质很容易理解：在宽频带上与电磁场的强耦合产生快速吸收，而长激子寿命增加了到达反应中心并转化为化学能的能量。其余时间尺度向整个时间范围的中心点的收敛更难理解。在本文中，我们认为，光合作用的时间尺度的收敛可以理解为“量子金发姑娘效应”的一个例子：自然选择倾向于驱动量子系统的程度量子相干性，这是“刚刚好”，以达到最大的效率。我们提供了一个一般的理论，在量子系统中的最佳和强大的，有效的运输，并表明它是由一个单一的参数。
英文摘要：
Excitonic transport in photosynthesis exhibits a wide range of time scales. Absorption and initial relaxation takes place over tens of femtoseconds. Excitonic lifetimes are on the order of a nanosecond. Hopping rates, energy differences between chromophores, reorganization energies, and decoherence rates correspond to time scales on the order of picoseconds. The functional nature of the divergence of time scales is easily understood: strong coupling to the electromagnetic field over a broad band of frequencies yields rapid absorption, while long excitonic lifetimes increase the amount of energy that makes its way to the reaction center to be converted to chemical energy. The convergence of the remaining time scales to the centerpoint of the overall temporal range is harder to understand. In this paper we argue that the convergence of timescales in photosynthesis can be understood as an example of the `quantum Goldilocks effect': natural selection tends to drive quantum systems to the degree of quantum coherence that is `just right' for attaining maximum efficiency. We provide a general theory of optimal and robust, efficient transport in quantum systems, and show that it is governed by a single parameter.
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