Reynald Lercier, Christophe Ritzenthaler
We apply classical invariant theory of binary forms to explicitly characterize isomorphism classes of hyperelliptic curves of small genus and, conversely, propose algorithms for reconstructing hyperelliptic models from given invariants. We focus on genus 3 hyperelliptic curves. Both geometric and arithmetic aspects are considered.
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This paper presents algorithmic approaches to study superspecial hyperelliptic curves. The algorithms proposed in this paper are: an algorithm to enumerate superspecial hyperelliptic curves of genus $g$ over finite fields $\mathbb{F}_q$, and an algorithm to compute the automorphism group of a (not necessarily superspecial) hyperelliptic curve over finite fields. The first algorithm works for any $(g,q)$ such that $q$ and $2g+2$ are coprime and $q>2g+1$. As an application, we enumerate superspecial hyperelliptic curves of genus $g=4$ over $\mathbb{F}_{p}$ for $11 \leq p \leq 23$ and over $\math…
Arithmetic of hyperelliptic curves over local fields
本文提出一种描述局部域上双曲曲线性质的聚类图方法，用于编码其伽罗瓦表示、判别式及其他不变量。
Arithmetic inflection formulae for linear series on hyperelliptic curves
本文研究了超椭圆曲线在$\mathbb{A}^1$-同调理论中线性系列的算术折点公式的几何意义。
This paper is devoted to the explicit description of the Galois descent obstruction for hyperelliptic curves of arbitrary genus whose reduced automorphism group is cyclic of order coprime to the characteristic of their ground field. Along the way, we obtain an arithmetic criterion for the existence of a hyperelliptic descent. The obstruction is described by the so-called arithmetic dihedral invariants of the curves in question. If it vanishes, then the use of these invariants also allows the explicit determination of a model over the field of moduli; if not, then one obtains a hyperelliptic mo…
We consider the problem of efficient computation in the Jacobian of a hyperelliptic curve of genus 3 defined over a field whose characteristic is not 2. For curves with a rational Weierstrass point, fast explicit formulas are well known and widely available. Here we address the general case, in which we do not assume the existence of a rational Weierstrass point, using a balanced divisor approach.
A new approach has been recently developed to study the arithmetic of hyperelliptic curves $y^2=f(x)$ over local fields of odd residue characteristic via combinatorial data associated to the roots of $f$. Since its introduction, numerous papers have used this machinery of "cluster pictures" to compute a plethora of arithmetic invariants associated to these curves. The purpose of this user's guide is to summarise and centralise all of these results in a self-contained fashion, complemented by an abundance of examples.
We propose a solution to the hyperelliptic Schottky problem, based on the use of Jacobian Nullwerte and symmetric models for hyperelliptic curves. Both ingredients are interesting on its own, since the first provide period matrices which can be geometrically described, and the second have remarkable arithmetic properties.
Arithmetic statistics of isogeny Selmer groups associated to hyperelliptic curves
本文结合Bhargava的数的几何方法与Vinberg理论中来自B型和C型Dynkin图表示的新参数化，确定了亏格g≥2的超椭圆曲线的雅可比簇相关同源Selmer群平均大小的渐近结果，并利用Greenberg-Wiles公式证明了这些同源Selmer群平均大小的下界。
Vologodsky's theory of $p$-adic integration plays a central role in computing several interesting invariants in arithmetic geometry. In contrast with the theory developed by Coleman, it has the advantage of being insensitive to the reduction type at $p$. Building on recent work of Besser and Zerbes, we describe an algorithm for computing Vologodsky integrals on bad reduction hyperelliptic curves. This extends previous joint work with Katz to all meromorphic differential forms. We illustrate our algorithm with numerical examples computed in Sage.
We construct unramified central simple algebras representing 2-torsion classes in the Brauer group of a hyperelliptic curve, and show that every 2-torsion class can be constructed this way when the curve has a rational Weierstrass point or when the base field is C_1. In general, we show that a large (but in general proper) subgroup of the 2-torsion classes are given by the construction. Examples demonstrating applications to the arithmetic of hyperelliptic curves defined over number fields are given.
We present a hardware-accelerated computation of Hasse-Weil invariants of all hyperelliptic curves of given genus over a fixed finite field. Our main motivation is the determination of traces of Frobenius on cohomology corresponding moduli stacks à la Bergström-Faber-van-der-Geer. This paper also constitutes a case study of the performance of lookup table based Zech arithmetic on Graphics Processing Units (GPUs). GPUs are by now ubiquitous in numerics, to an extend that their development itself is propelled by scientific computing. Algebraic computing has profited very little from the advancem…
Local heights on hyperelliptic curves and quadratic Chabauty
本研究提出一种计算奇素数ℓ≠p处超椭圆曲线局部高度的算法，拓宽了二次Chabauty方法的适用范围，并给出含双非平凡局部高度素数曲线的首次计算实例。
Hyperelliptic curves on $K3$ surfaces
该研究证明皮卡秩为1的K3曲面上任意多个一般点可由超椭圆曲线连接，得到小对角的Beauville–Voisin分解及挠阶新界，还将Corvaja–Zucconi定理推广到任意次数K3曲面，证明其二次点在有限扩张后稠密。
Classical modular curves are of deep interest in arithmetic geometry. In this survey we show how the work of Fumiyuki Momose is involved in order to list the classical modular curves which satisfy that the set of quadratic points over $\mathbb{Q}$ is infinite. In particular we recall results of Momose on hyperelliptic modular curves and on automorphisms groups of modular curves. Moreover, we fix some inaccuracies of the existing literature in few statements concerning automorphism groups of modular curves and we make available different results that are difficult to find a precise reference, f…
We give a condition for a hyperelliptic curve $C$ over a local field $K$ to be locally soluble, on the condition that $C$ obtains semistable reduction after a tame extension of $K$, and that the residue field $k$ is sufficiently large relative to the genus of the curve. The condition is presented in terms of the cluster picture of $C$, a combinatorial object which determines much of the local arithmetic of $C$.
Quotients of hyperelliptic curves and etale cohomology
本文研究双曲曲线在仿射自 автомorphism 组作用下的商曲线及其étale上同调群的表示结构，探讨其在局部域算术中的应用。
For several applications in the arithmetic of abelian varieties it is important to compute canonical heights. Following Faltings and Hriljac, we show how the canonical height on the Jacobian of a smooth projective curve can be computed using arithmetic intersection theory on a regular model of the curve in practice. In the case of hyperelliptic curves we present a complete algorithm that has been implemented in Magma. Several examples are computed and the behavior of the running time is discussed.
In arithmetic and algebraic geometry, superspecial (s.sp.\ for short) curves are one of the most important objects to be studied, with applications to cryptography and coding theory. If $g \geq 4$, it is not even known whether there exists such a curve of genus $g$ in general characteristic $p > 0$, and in the case of $g=4$, several computational approaches to search for those curves have been proposed. In the genus-$4$ hyperelliptic case, Kudo-Harashita proposed a generic algorithm to enumerate all s.sp.\ curves, and recently Ohashi-Kudo-Harashita presented an algorithm specific to the case w…
Enumerating odd-degree hyperelliptic curves and abelian surfaces over $\mathbb{P}^1$
针对Venkatesh提出的数论渐近计数中低阶项拓扑本质的问题，研究者通过考察有限域上代数栈惯性栈的算术方面部分作答，并得到$\u2119_q(t)$上拟可容许奇次超椭圆曲线的新精确枚举结果。
Two problems are addressed: reduction of an arbitrary degree non-special divisor to the equivalent divisor of the degree equal to genus of a curve, and addition of divisors of arbitrary degrees. The hyperelliptic case is considered as the simplest model. Explicit formulas defining reduced divisors for some particular cases are found. The reduced divisors are obtained in the form of solution of the Jacobi inversion problem which provides the way of computing Abelian functions on arbitrary non-special divisors. An effective reduction algorithm is proposed, which has the advantage that it involve…
Some explicit arithmetic on curves of genus three and their applications
本文发展了亏格3曲线的显式算术，提出了计算分解Richelot同源余域的算法及Howe曲线定义方程的显式公式，并据此构建了枚举超特殊Howe曲线的高效算法。
Withdrawn by the authors due to an error in the proof of the finite field result (Thm. 1.5): The random primes used in the proof need NOT avoid the exceptional primes from Lemma 2.7, thus leaving Thm. 1.5 unproved.
An ADE Dynkin diagram gives rise to a family of algebraic curves. In this paper, we use arithmetic invariant theory to study the integral points of the curves associated to the exceptional diagrams $E_6, E_7$, $E_8$. These curves are non-hyperelliptic of genus 3 or 4. We prove that a positive proportion of each family consists of curves with integral points everywhere locally but no integral points globally.
We consider generalizations of Szpiro's classical discriminant conjecture to hyperelliptic curves over a number field $K$, and to smooth, projective and geometrically connected curves $X$ over $K$ of genus at least one. The main results give effective exponential versions of the generalized conjectures for some curves, including all curves $X$ of genus one or two. We obtain in particular exponential versions of Szpiro's classical discriminant conjecture for elliptic curves over $K$. In course of our proofs we establish explicit results for certain Arakelov invariants of hyperelliptic curves (e…
Given a curve of genus 3 with an unramified double cover, we give an explicit description of the associated Prym-variety. We also describe how an unramified double cover of a non-hyperelliptic genus 3 curve can be mapped into the Jacobian of a curve of genus 2 over its field of definition and how this can be used to do Chabauty- and Brauer-Manin type calculations for curves of genus 5 with an unramified involution. As an application, we determine the rational points on a smooth plane quartic with no particular geometric properties and give examples of curves of genus 3 and 5 violating the Hass…
Arithmetic genus inequalities with an application to sums of squares
该研究证明了算术曲线特殊纤维分量的亏格不等式变体，将其应用于n重迭代实劳朗级数域上亏格为g的曲线，得到了全正二平方和指数的两个新的界，其中一个界此前仅对超椭圆曲线已知。
Let $k$ be a field of characteristic 0, let $C/k$ be a uniquely trigonal genus 4 curve, and let $P \in C(k)$ be a simply ramified point of the uniquely trigonal morphism. We construct an assignment of an orbit of an algebraic group of type $E_8$ acting on a specific variety to each element of $J_C(k)/2$. The algebraic group and variety are independent of the choice of $(C,P)$. We also construct a similar identification for uniquely trigonal genus 4 curves $C$ with $P \in C(k)$ a totally ramified point of the trigonal morphism. Our assignments are analogous to the assignment of a genus 3 curve …
Consider the smooth projective models C of curves y^2=f(x) with f(x) in Z[x] monic and separable of degree 2g+1. We prove that for g >= 3, a positive fraction of these have only one rational point, the point at infinity. We prove a lower bound on this fraction that tends to 1 as g tends to infinity. Finally, we show that C(Q) can be algorithmically computed for such a fraction of the curves. The method can be summarized as follows: using p-adic analysis and an idea of McCallum, we develop a reformulation of Chabauty's method that shows that certain computable conditions imply #C(Q)=1; on the o…
Let $K$ be a field whose absolute Galois group is finitely generated. If $K$ neither finite nor of characteristic 2, then every hyperelliptic curve over $K$ with all of its Weierstrass points defined over $K$ has infinitely many $K$-points. If, in addition, $K$ is not locally finite, then every elliptic curve over $K$ with all of its 2-torsion rational has infinite rank over $K$. These and similar results are deduced from the Hales-Jewett theorem.
A pair of symmetric bilinear forms A and B determine a binary form $f(x,y) = disc(Ax-By)$. We prove that the question of whether a given binary form can be written in this way as a discriminant form generically satisfies a local-global principle and deduce from this that most binary forms over $\mathbf{Q}$ are discriminant forms. This is related to the arithmetic of the hyperelliptic curve $z^2 = f(x,y)$. Analogous results for non-hyperelliptic curves are also given.
Arithmetic rank bounds for abelian varieties over function fields
该研究利用函数域版本的经典ℓ-下降技术，将曲线函数域上阿贝尔簇的秩界做算术精细化，推广了此前椭圆曲线的相关结果，还构造了超椭圆曲线雅可比簇的显式2-下降映射并应用于亏格2曲线的研究。
In this paper, by the tools of circulant matrices and hyperelliptic curves over finite fields, we study some arithmetic properties of certain determinants involving the Legendre symbols and $k$-th residues.
We study the arithmetic (geometric) progressions in the $x$-coordinates of quadratic points on smooth projective planar curves defined over a number field $k$. Unless the curve is hyperelliptic, we prove that these progressions must be finite. We, moreover, show that the arithmetic gonality of the curve determines the infinitude of these progressions in the set of $\overline{k}$-points with field of definition of degree at most $n$, $n\ge 3$.
Arithmetical structures on graphs were first introduced in \cite{Lorenzini89}. Later in \cite{arithmetical} they were further studied in the setting of square non-negative integer matrices. In both cases, necessary and sufficient conditions for the finiteness of the set of arithmetical structures were given. More precisely, an arithmetical structure on a non-negative integer matrix $L$ with zero diagonal is a pair $(\mathbf{d},\mathbf{r})\in \mathbb{N}_+^n\times \mathbb{N}_+^n$ such that \[ (\textrm{Diag}(\mathbf{d})-L)\mathbf{r}^t=\mathbf{0}^t\text{ and }\gcd(r_1,\ldots,r_n)=1. \] Thus, arith…
It is possible to define a continued fraction expansion of elements in a function field of a curve by expanding as a Laurent series in a local parameter. Considering the square root of a polynomial $\sqrt{D(t)}$ leads to an interesting theory related to polynomial Pell equations. Unlike the classical Pell equation, the corresponding polynomial equation is not always solvable and its solvability is related to arithmetic conditions on the Jacobian (or generalized Jacobian) of the curve defined by $y^2=D(t)$. In this setting, it has been shown by Zannier in \cite{zannier} that the sequence of the…
Conductor exponents for families of hyperelliptic curves
该研究利用曲线簇图机制，计算三个超椭圆曲线无限族在奇数位的导体指数，恢复了特定签名下的计算并进行扩展，还可用于计算曲线的局部算术数据。
Using the discriminant modular form and the Noether formula it is possible to write the admissible self-intersection of the relative dualising sheaf of a semistable hyperelliptic curve over a number field or function field as a sum, over all places, of a certain adelic invariant. We provide a simple geometric interpretation for this invariant, based on the arithmetic of symmetric roots. We propose the conjecture that the invariant introduced in this paper coincides with an invariant introduced in a recent paper by S.-W. Zhang.
Let $C$ be a hyperelliptic curve given by the equation $y^2=f(x)$, where $f\in\Z[x]$ and $f$ hasn't multiple roots. We say that points $P_{i}=(x_{i}, y_{i})\in C(\Q)$ for $i=1,2,..., n$ are in arithmetic progression if the numbers $x_{i}$ for $i=1,2,..., n$ are in arithmetic progression. In this paper we show that there exists a polynomial $k\in\Z[t]$ with such a property that on the elliptic curve $\cal{E}: y^2=x^3+k(t)$ (defined over the field $\Q(t)$) we can find four points in arithmetic progression which are independent in the group of all $\Q(t)$-rational points on the curve $\cal{E}$. I…
On the arithmetic of polynomials over a number field
本文利用米尔诺定理和不变量理论，在数域多项式环上建立了高斯主格定理与富特定理的类似物，并应用于二次互反律失效分析和超椭圆曲线雅可比挠子群计数。
We describe how one can use the "Selmer group Chabauty" method developed by the author to show that certain hyperelliptic curves of the form $$ C \colon y^2 = x^N + h(x)^2 \,, $$ where $N = 2g + 1$ is odd, $h \in \mathbb{Z}[x]$ with $\operatorname{deg} h \le g$ and $h(0)$ odd, have only the "obvious" rational points $\infty$ (the unique point at infinity on the smooth projective model of the curve) and $(0, \pm h(0))$. As an application of the method, we prove the following result. Let $c \in \mathbb{Q}$ and write $f_c(x) = x^2 + c$. We denote the iterates of $f_c$ by $f_c^{\circ n}$; i.e., we…
A class of geometrically elliptic fibrations by plane projective quartic curves
本文研究特征2下算术亏格3、几何亏格1的非超椭圆曲线纤维化，在特定奇点假设下给出双有理等价的完整分类，证明其可被椭圆纤维化覆盖且覆盖映射具特定双有理与纯不可分性质。
Semistable Reduction of Plane Quartics
研究平面四次曲线稳定模型计算问题，建立抽象稳定模型与GIT - 稳定平面模型联系，证明GIT - 稳定平面模型存在条件，明确稳定模型与主导态射性质，为计算稳定模型提供几何框架。
We describe the analogue of the Sato-Tate conjecture for an abelian variety over a number field; this predicts that the zeta functions of the reductions over various finite fields, when properly normalized, have a limiting distribution predicted by a certain group-theoretic construction related to Hodge theory, Galois images, and endomorphisms. After making precise the definition of the "Sato-Tate group" appearing in this conjecture, we describe the classification of Sato-Tate groups of abelian surfaces due to Fite-Kedlaya-Rotger-Sutherland. (These are notes from a three-lecture series present…
We prove under the Bombieri-Lang conjecture for surfaces that there is an absolute bound on the length of sequences of integer squares with constant second differences, for sequences which are not formed by the squares of integers in arithmetic progression. This answers a question proposed in 2010 by J. Browkin and J. Brzezinski, and independently by E. Gonzalez-Jimenez and X. Xarles. We also show that under the Bombieri-Lang conjecture for surfaces, for every $k\geq 3$ there is an absolute bound on the length of sequences formed by $k$-th powers with constant second differences. This gives a …
A curve X over the field Q of rational numbers is modular if it is dominated by X_1(N) for some N; if in addition the image of its jacobian in J_1(N) is contained in the new subvariety of J_1(N), then X is called a new modular curve. We prove that for each integer g at least 2, the set of new modular curves over Q of genus g is finite and computable. For the computability result, we prove an algorithmic version of the de Franchis-Severi Theorem. Similar finiteness results are proved for new modular curves of bounded gonality, for new modular curves whose jacobian is a quotient of the new part …
We prove a result that finishes the study of primitive arithmetic progressions consisting of squares and fifth powers that was carried out by Hajdu and Tengely in a recent paper: The only arithmetic progression in coprime integers of the form (a^2, b^2, c^2, d^5) is (1, 1, 1, 1). For the proof, we first reduce the problem to that of determining the sets of rational points on three specific hyperelliptic curves of genus 4. A 2-cover descent computation shows that there are no rational points on two of these curves. We find generators for a subgroup of finite index of the Mordell-Weil group of t…
We give bounds on the primes of geometric bad reduction for curves of genus three of primitive CM type in terms of the CM orders. In the case of genus one, there are no primes of geometric bad reduction because CM elliptic curves are CM abelian varieties, which have potential good reduction everywhere. However, for genus at least two, the curve can have bad reduction at a prime although the Jacobian has good reduction. Goren and Lauter gave the first bound in the case of genus two. In the cases of hyperelliptic and Picard curves, our results imply bounds on primes appearing in the denominators…
Arithmetic holonomy bounds and effective Diophantine approximation
本研究通过量化算术和乐界提出射影直线与乘法群上有效丢番图逼近新方法，推导出代数数高阶根的有效无理性度量，可导出经典有效丢番图定理并给出多个数论应用。
A computational approach to Drinfeld modules
本文提出了一种计算Drinfeld模的方法，介绍了其构造、算术性质及与椭圆曲线的类比，并展示了SageMath实现和多项式因式分解等应用。
Bigness of Canonical Quadratic Points on Curves of Genus 4
研究四次非双有理曲线的典范二次点，通过模形式和贝蒂映射建立标准条件，证明其在三自映射区域和某些CM族上为大，从而获得非 torsion 理性点和北特里特有限性结果。
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