We present optical spectra of (24) Themis and (65) Cybele, two large main-belt asteroids on which exposed water ice has recently been reported. No emission lines, expected from resonance fluorescence in gas sublimated from the ice, were detected. Derived limits to the production rates of water are < 400 kg/s (5σ), for each object, assuming a cometary H2O/CN ratio. We rule out models in which a large fraction of the surface is occupied by high albedo ("fresh") water ice because the measured albedos of Themis and Cybele are low (0.05 - 0.07). We also rule out models in which a large fraction of the surface is occupied by low albedo ("dirty") water ice because dirty ice would be warm, and would sublimate strongly enough for gaseous products to have been detected. If ice exists on these bodies it must be relatively clean (albedo >0.3) and confined to a fraction of the Earth-facing surface <10%. By analogy with impacted asteroid (596) Scheila, we propose an impact excavation scenario, in which 10 m scale projectiles have exposed buried ice. If the ice is even more reflective (albedo >0.6) then the timescale for sublimation of an optically thick layer can rival the 10^3 yr interval between impacts with bodies this size. In this sense, exposure by impact may be a quasi steady-state feature of ice-containing asteroids at 3 AU.
Primitive asteroids in the main belt, Cybele, and Hilda populations from Gaia DR3
LIRA, Université Paris Cité, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CY Cergy Paris Université, CNRS(拉伊特研究所,巴黎西岱大学,巴黎天文台,巴黎文理研究大学,索邦大学,塞吉-巴黎大学,法国国家科学研究中心);Institut Universitaire de France (IUF)(法兰西学院);Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency(宇宙科学研究所,日本宇宙航空研究开发机构)
西贝尔和希尔达动力群划定了小行星带的外缘。它们的组成分布是制约太阳系演化模型的关键因素。在本文中,我们提出了一个组成分析,这些人口使用光谱观测,SDSS和NEOWISE数据。作为PRIMASS(Primitive Asteroids Spectroscopic Survey)的一部分,我们用4.1 m SOAR望远镜的Goodman高光谱仪获得了Hilda或Cybele群中18个天体的可见光谱,用3.56 m TNG的近红外照相光谱仪获得了20个Hilda天体的近红外光谱。为了增加我们的统计分析,样本被放大了,光谱取自文献。检查光谱的水蚀变带和其他光谱特征,可以链接到组成的限制。分析表明,从主带的Cybele,希尔达和特洛伊地区的成分的连续分布。我们还确定了人口中的特洛伊人组不存在于希尔达或Cybele对象。
Near-ultraviolet to visible spectroscopy of the Themis and Polana-Eulalia complex families
目的。我们研究的目的是获得原始小行星的近紫外到可见光(NUV-VIS,0.35 - 0.95微米)反射光谱,重点是Themis和Polana-Eulalia复合体家族的成员。这一特征使我们能够讨论两个最近的样本返回任务目标小行星,(162173)Ryugu和(101955)Bennu的起源。方法.我们使用位于Roque de los Muchachos天文台的望远镜获得了目标小行星低至0.35微米的低分辨率可见光谱,并重新审视了已经发表的光谱数据。我们研究了原始小行星的NUV-VIS反射光谱的特征,重点是Themis家族和Polana-Eulalia家族复合体的数据。最后,我们比较了这些家庭的NUV特性与(162173)Ryugu和(101955)Bennu。在这项工作中,我们还研究了系统的影响,由于使用五个常用的恒星在兰道尔特的目录作为太阳类似物,以获得小行星的反射率在NUV波长范围。我们比较了五个G-恒星的光谱在兰道尔特的目录与光谱的充分研究的太阳模拟毕宿64,也观察到在同一个夜晚。结果我们发现,许多广泛使用的Landolt的G-型恒星在NUV波长光谱区不是太阳类似物,因此不适合获得小行星的反射光谱。我们还发现,即使忒弥斯家族和Polana-Eulalia家族复合体在可见光波长下显示出类似的蓝色,但忒弥斯家族的NUV吸收比Polana-Eulalia家族复合体深得多。我们没有发…