漂移扫描宽场天线单元主波束校准技术
A Technique for Primary Beam Calibration of Drift-Scanning, Wide-Field Antenna Elements
摘要：
我们提出了一种新的技术，用于校准宽场，漂移扫描天线单元的主波束。漂移扫描观测与标准光束校准程序不兼容，并且难以参数化光束形状以及在低频下用作校准器的精确源光谱的稀疏性使情况进一步复杂化。我们克服了这些挑战，通过建立一个相互关联的网络源的“交叉点”-位置的初级光束被多个源采样。使用波束具有180度旋转对称性的单一假设，我们可以仅用几十个源实现显著的波束覆盖。由此产生的交叉点的网络，使我们能够解决一个光束模型和源通量密度参考一个单一的校准源，规避了需要一个大样本的良好表征的校准。我们说明的方法与实际和模拟观测精密阵列探测的时代的再电离（纸）。
英文摘要：
We present a new technique for calibrating the primary beam of a wide-field, drift-scanning antenna element. Drift-scan observing is not compatible with standard beam calibration routines, and the situation is further complicated by difficult-to-parametrize beam shapes and, at low frequencies, the sparsity of accurate source spectra to use as calibrators. We overcome these challenges by building up an interrelated network of source "crossing points" -- locations where the primary beam is sampled by multiple sources. Using the single assumption that a beam has 180 degree rotational symmetry, we can achieve significant beam coverage with only a few tens of sources. The resulting network of crossing points allows us to solve for both a beam model and source flux densities referenced to a single calibrator source, circumventing the need for a large sample of well-characterized calibrators. We illustrate the method with actual and simulated observations from the Precision Array for Probing the Epoch of Reionization (PAPER).
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