基于创新的分支过程宏观演化模型
A model of macro-evolution as a branching process based on innovations
摘要：
我们介绍了一个模型的物种进化所引发的新功能的产生和详尽的组合与其他可用的特征。在创新是罕见的假设下，我们得到了一个物种形成的突发分支过程。对代表分支历史的树的分析揭示了与随机过程不同的结构。对于一棵有n片叶子的树，叶子到根的平均距离为（log n）^2，与随机分枝的log n进行比较。该模型的树形指数深度（Sackin指数）和不平衡度（Colless指数）的均值和标准差与数据库中真实系统发育树的均值和标准差一致。早期的模型，如Aldous的分支（AB）模型，显示出较大的偏差，从数据的形状指数。
英文摘要：
We introduce a model for the evolution of species triggered by generation of novel features and exhaustive combination with other available traits. Under the assumption that innovations are rare, we obtain a bursty branching process of speciations. Analysis of the trees representing the branching history reveals structures qualitatively different from those of random processes. For a tree with n leaves, the average distance of leaves from root scales as (log n)^2 to be compared to log n for random branching. The mean values and standard deviations for the tree shape indices depth (Sackin index) and imbalance (Colless index) of the model are compatible with those of real phylogenetic trees from databases. Earlier models, such as the Aldous' branching (AB) model, show a larger deviation from data with respect to the shape indices.
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