Janardan P. Singh, Aditya B. Patel
Using QCD sum rule, we calculate valance quark distribution functions of η and of η' in chiral limit. Extrapolating the calculated quark distribution functions at both end regions, their first two moments have been calculated and compared with those of other hadrons.
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Gluonic degrees of freedom play an important role in the masses of the eta and etaprime mesons. We discuss eta- and etaprime-nucleon and nucleus interactions where this glue may be manifest. Interesting processes being studied in experiments are etaprime production in proton-nucleon collisions close to threshold and possible eta-nucleus bound-states.
Implications of eta-etaprime mixing for the decay eta->3 pi
就其本身而言，与依他普林的干扰似乎强烈影响跃迁eta->3 π的振幅。我指出，这种效果是虚构的，也发生在赝标量的质谱。手征对称性意味着，有效耦合常数的相同组合决定了与Gell-Mann-Okubo公式的小偏差，也规定了衰变振幅中的对称性破缺效应，从而确保这些效应很小。
Eta bound states in nuclei are sensitive to the flavour-singlet component in the eta. The bigger the singlet component, the more attraction and the greater the binding. eta-etaprime mixing plays an important role in understanding the value of the eta-nucleon scattering length a_{ηN}. Working with the Quark Meson Coupling model, we find a factor of two enhancement from mixing relative to the prediction with a pure octet eta.
Correlators of singlet and octet axial currents, as well as anomaly and pseudoscalar densities have been studied using QCD sum rules. Several of these sum rules are used to determine the couplings f^8_eta, f^0_eta, f^8_etaprime and f^0_etaprime. We find mutually consistent values which are also in agreement with phenomenological values obtained from data on various decay and production rates. While most of the sum rules studied by us are independent of the contributions of direct instantons and screening correction, the singlet-singlet current correlator and the anomaly-anomaly correlator impr…
Non-perturbative glue associated with gluon topology plays a vital role in determining the mass of the etaprime meson. We give an introduction to axial U(1) physics and explain how this non-perturbative glue also contributes to etaprime interactions with other hadrons. We concentrate on resonant etaprime pi production in partial waves with exotic quantum numbers not compatible with a quark-antiquark state and on the etaprime in nuclear media where there are new results from the COMPASS and CBELSA/TAPS experiments respectively.
We discuss the role of QCD symmetries and confinement in understanding eta and etaprime mesic nuclei. Eta and etaprime bound states in nuclei are sensitive to the flavour-singlet component in the meson. The bigger the singlet component, the more attraction and the greater the binding. Recent results on the etaprime mass in nuclei from the CBELSA/TAPS collaboration are very similar to the prediction of the Quark Meson Coupling model. In the model eta-etaprime mixing induces a factor of two enhancement of the eta-nucleon scattering length relative to the prediction with a pure octet eta, with re…
We discuss the role of QCD symmetries in understanding the eta and etaprime mesons in nuclear media. Recent results on the etaprime mass in nuclei from the CBELSA/TAPS collaboration are very similar to the prediction of the Quark Meson Coupling model.
We review the present understanding of etaprime and eta meson physics and these mesons as a probe of gluon dynamics in low-energy QCD. Recent highlights include the production mechanism of eta and etaprime mesons in proton-nucleon collisions from threshold to high-energy, the etaprime effective mass shift in the nuclear medium, searches for possible eta and etaprime bound states in nuclei as well as precision measurements of eta decays as a probe of light-quark masses. We discuss recent experimental data, theoretical interpretation of the different measurements and the open questions and chall…
The isobar model EtaMAID has been updated with new and high precision data for eta and etaprime photoproduction on protons and neutrons from MAMI, ELSA, GRAAL and CLAS. The background is described in a recently developed Regge-cut model, and for the resonance part the whole list of nucleon resonances has been investigated with 21 N* states contributing to eta photoproduction and 12 N* states contributing to etaprime photoproduction. A new approach is discussed to avoid double counting in the overlap region of Regge and resonances. A comparison is done among four newly updated partial waves ana…
The eta(1835) is confirmed clearly in new BESIII data for J/Psi -> gamma (eta'-pi-pi); the angular distribution of the photon is consistent with a pseudoscalar. This makes it a candidate for an s-sbar radial excitation of eta' and eta(1440) (or one or both of eta(1405) and eta(1475)). However, a conspicuous feature of the BES III data is the absence of evidence for eta(1440) -> eta'-pi-pi while it is well known that eta(1440) appears in eta-pi-pi. Can these facts be reconciled? There is in fact a simple explanation. The channel eta(1440) -> eta-pi-pi may be explained by the two-step process et…
We have measured the radiative decays phi -> eta gamma, phi ->etaprime gamma selecting pi+ pi- gamma gamma gamma final state in a sample of about 5 times 10^7 phi mesons produced at the Frascati phi factory DAFNE. We obtain Gamma(phi -> etaprime gamma)/Gamma(phi -> eta gamma)=(4.70 +- 0.47 +- 0.31) times 10^-3. From this result we derive new accurate values for the branching ratio BR(phi ->etaprime gamma) = (6.10 +- 0.61 +- 0.43) times 10^-5, and the mixing angle of pseudoscalar mesons in the flavour basis phi_P=(41.8 +1.9 -1.6) degrees.
We propose to use as a mathematical tool to study the mass square of the etaprime meson an infinitely heavy supplementary quark flavor Q. This is understood in the framework of QCD with one light quark flavor (or n_fl light flavors) and the gauge group SU3 colour (or SUN colour). The full system thus consists of n_fl + 1 flavors, including the infinitely heavy one. The purpose of this note is to show how the heavy flavor can be made to represent the anomalies of the subtheory describing the remnant physical degrees of freedom. In the large N_c limit the mass square of etaprime tends to a finit…
A partial wave analysis is presented of Crystal Barrel data on pbar-p -> pizero-pizero, eta-eta and eta-etaprime from 600 to 1940 MeV/c, combined with earlier data on dσ/dΩand P for pbar-p->piminus-piplus. The following s-channel I=0 resonances are identified: (i) J^{PC} = 5^{--} with mass and width (M,Γ) at (2295+-30,235^{+65}_{-40}) MeV, (ii) J^{PC} = 4^{++} at (2020+-12, 170+-15) MeV and (2300+-25, 270+-50) MeV, (iii) 3D3 JPC = 3^{--} at (1960+-15, 150+-25) MeV and (2210+-4$, 360+-55) MeV, and a 3G3 state at (2300 ^{+50}_{-80}, 340+-150) MeV, (iv) JPC = 2^{++} at (1910+-30, 260+-40) MeV, (2…
We critically reexamine the formalism for treating the leading-twist contributions from the two-gluon Fock components occurring in hard processes that involve eta and eta' mesons and establish a consistent set of conventions for the definition of the gluon distribution amplitudes, the anomalous dimensions as well as the projector of a two-gluon state onto an eta or eta' state. We calculate the eta, eta'--photon transition form factor to order alpha_s and show the cancellation of the collinear and UV singularities explicitly. An estimate of the lowest Gegenbauer coefficients of the gluon and qu…
I briefly review the formalism for treating the leading-twist two-gluon states appearing in processes which involve eta and eta' mesons. The constraints on the size of the lowest order Gegenbauer coefficients of the two-gluon distribution amplitude are obtained from the fit to the eta and eta' transition form factor data. The results are applied to chi -> eta eta (eta' eta') decays and deeply virtual electroproduction of eta and eta' mesons.
It is reported on a leading-twist analysis of the eta - photon and eta' - photon transition form factors. The analysis allows for an estimate of the lowest Gegenbauer coefficients of the quark and gluon distribution amplitudes.
The eta (eta') gamma transition form factor and the gluon-gluon distribution amplitude
该研究在领头扭度、NLO微扰QCD框架下结合eta-eta'混合与实验数据，提取夸克-反夸克及胶子-胶子分布振幅的Gegenbauer系数，并预测g*g*eta'顶角函数。
We derive the effective chiral Lagrangian for low energy eta--nucleon and eta'--nucleon interactions and show that gluonic degrees of freedom, via the axial anomaly, induce a contact term in the pp -> pp eta and pp -> pp eta' reactions. We then discuss the consequences for the extraction of g_{eta'NN} from experimental data.
The quark/gluon content of eta(1295) and eta(1440) mesons is discussed, mesons being considered as members of the first radial excitation 2^1S_0 qqbar nonet. Recent results on eta(1295) and eta(1440) two-photon widths from L3 together with the information on radiative J/Psi decay allow one to evaluate the eta(1295)/eta(1440) mixing angle and the admixture of the glueball component. We found that eta(1440) is dominantly non-strange qqbar state, with a possible admixture of the glueball component (20 pm 20)%.
The formalism for treating the leading-twist contributions of the two-gluon Fock components occurring in hard exclusive processes that involve eta and eta' mesons is reviewed. The calculation of the eta, eta'--photon transition form factor in next-to-leading order in alpha_s, as well as, the analysis of the g* g* eta' vertex and the electro- and photoproduction of eta, eta' mesons are presented. Applications of this formalism to other relevant quantities such as glueballs are also discussed.
We investigate the momentum dependence of the g*-g-eta' vertex form factor in the presence of the nonperturbative QCD vacuum condensate. The behaviour of this form factor is crucial for, among other things, some proposed mechanisms devised to explain the large branching ratio for fast eta' production in charmless B decays observed by CLEO. We show that the leading momentum dependence of this vertex form factor is not altered when the contribution of nonperturbative quark condensate is considered.
We present a calculation of the process B --> D eta' within a heavy-light chiral quark model. We assume that the eta' has a large gluonic component, and its coupling is described via the glue-glue-eta' effective vertex. The main contribution comes from the non-factorizable part of the effective weak Lagrangian at quark level. We find, within our model-dependent assumptions, a branching ratio Br(B --> D eta') = (1.7 -- 3.3) 10^(-4), somewhat below the experimental upper bound 9.4 10^(-4).
Intriguing B --> K eta' decays provide a unique opportunity to study a joining of two-gluon configurations arising from the penguin b --> sG and b --> sGG transitions, with those inherent to the eta' particle. We employ the heavy-light chiral quark model, applied previously to a somewhat related B --> D eta' decay, as a calculational tool accounting for the nonperturbative soft gluon contributions to the amplitude at hand. Thereby we arrive at a novel contribution to the singlet penguin amplitude, which within our model accounts for ~ 10 % of the measured B --> K eta' amplitude.
The pseudo-scalar flavor-singlet meson mixes with two gluons. A dimensional argument by Kogut and Susskind shows that this can screen the Goldstone pole of the chiral limit in this channel, if the gluon correlations are infrared enhanced. Using a gluon propagator as singular as sigma/k^4 for k^2 -> 0 we relate the screening mass to the string tension sigma. In the Witten-Veneziano action to describe the eta-eta' mixing this relation yields masses of about 810MeV for the eta', 430MeV for the eta and a mixing angle of about -30deg from the phenomenological value for sigma of approx. 0.18GeV^2. T…
Currently, the long-standing issue concerning the size of the gluonic content of the eta' and eta mesons remains unsettled. With this in mind we consider the central exclusive production (CEP) of eta', eta meson pairs in the perturbative regime, applying the Durham pQCD-based model of CEP and the `hard exclusive' formalism to evaluate the meson production subprocess. We calculate for the first time the relevant parton-level processes gg --> qqbar gg and gg --> gggg, where the final-state gg and qqbar pairs form a pseudoscalar flavour-singlet state. We observe that these amplitudes display some…
Coupling constants of $η$ and $η^{\prime}$ mesons with nucleons have been calculated using the method of QCD sum rules. Starting from vacuum-to-meson correlation function of interpolating fields of two nucleons, its matrix element with respect to nucleon spinors has been considered. Coupling constants at the physical points have been estimated from extrapolation of results obtained at two other points. Anomalous glue has been found to give substantial contribution to the coupling constants and also accounts for a significant OZI-rule violation.
Motivated by recent CLEO measurements of the B-->η' K decay, we evaluate gluon/charm content of the eta' meson using the interacting instanton liquid model of the QCD vacuum. Our result is very large due to the strong field of small-size instantons. We show that it provides quantitative explanations of the CLEO data on the B-->η' K decay rate (as well as inclusive process B-->η' X), via a virtual Cabbibo-unsuppressed decay into \bar c c pair which then becomes eta'. If so, a significant charm component should be present in other hadrons also. In particular, we found a large contribution of the…
We update the values of the eta-eta' mixing angle and of the eta' gluonium content by fitting our measurement R_phi = BR(phi to eta' gamma)/ BR(phi to eta gamma) together with several vector meson radiative decays to pseudoscalars (V to P gamma), pseudoscalar mesons radiative decays to vectors (P to V gamma) and the eta' to gamma gamma, pi^0 to gamma gamma widths. From the fit we extract a gluonium fraction of Z^2_G = 0.12 +- 0.04, the pseudoscalar mixing angle psi_P = (40.4 +- 0.6) degree and the phi-omega mixing angle psi_V = (3.32 +- 0.09) degree. Z^2_G and psi_P are fairly consistent with …
The eta(1760) may be significantly produced in J/Psi radiative decay. We deduce from experimental data that its branching ratio to two gluons is bounded, 0.4 +- 0.3 < BR(eta(1760) -> gg) < 0.9 +- 0.3, consistent with gluonic admixture. Moreover, the expectation that there should be an isoscalar analogue of the gluonic (hybrid) meson candidate pi(1800) is argued to reinforce hybrid admixture in eta(1760). Two-gluon coupling of hybrids is estimated in a spectator model to be considerably larger than that of quarkonium. In addition, the two-photon coupling of eta(1760) is estimated to be 1.4 +- 0…
The mass of the eta' in self-dual QCD
QCD规范场被建模为统计独立的自对偶和反自对偶区域的系综。这个模型是从瞬子物理学出发的。标度异常则允许将拓扑磁化率与胶子凝聚联系起来。借助于Wittens公式和对轻夸克对胶子凝聚的抑制的估计，可以把eta'的质量与f_pi和物理胶子凝聚联系起来。我们得到相当满意的值m_eta ′ = 884 ± 116 MeV。使用物理η质量作为输入，原则上可以获得关于瞬子和反瞬子之间相互作用的信息。
In addressing the B --> eta' K puzzle, there has been a considerable hope in the literature to resolve it by the QCD anomaly contribution to the b --> s eta' amplitude. This contribution corresponds to the electroweak b --> s g* g* transition followed by the off-shell gluon fusion g* g* --> eta'. In the present paper we perform a critical reassessment of this issue. We show that for the hard virtual gluons in a loop there is a well defined short distance amplitude corresponding to a remnant of the QCD anomaly. However, we find that it cannot account for the measured amplitude. In addition, we …
We propose to measure the gluon distribution function Delta G(eta) at eta < 0.2 via pseudo jet production in polarized fixed target lepton nucleon scattering at typical lepton beam energies of 200 GeV. The measurement of the spin-asymmetry for the production of correlated charge conjugated hadrons of opposite transverse momentum can be directly related to Delta G(eta) through the photo-gluon fusion process. Wa also present a numerical analysis of the accuracy which can be obtained for different flavors and kinematics of the observed hadron pair.
Power-suppressed corrections arising from end-point integration regions to the space-like vertex function of the massive eta'-meson virtual gluon transition eta' - g*g* are computed. Calculations are performed within the standard hard-scattering approach (HSA) and the running coupling method supplemented by the infrared renormalon calculus. Contributions to the vertex function from the quark and gluon contents of the eta' -meson are taken into account and the Borel resummed expressions for F_{eta' g*g*}(Q2,ω,η), as well as for F_{eta' g g*}}(Q^{2},ω=\pm 1,η) and F_{eta' g*g*}(Q^{2},ω=0,η) are …
The observed inclusive decay of B-mesons into eta' + X is interpreted as the consequence of the gluonic decay of the b-quark into an s-quark. As a result of the QCD anomaly this decay proceeds partly as the decay b ---> s + eta', similar to b ---> s + J/psi. The hadronic recoiling system is found to have a relatively large mass. Analogously one expects a decay of the type b ---> s + sigma. The branching ratios for these decays are large (of the order of 10%). The results indicate that there is no room for an anomalously large chromomagnetic decay mode of the b-quark. Gluon jets are expected to…
The study of light pseudoscalar quark-antiquark bound states in the Dyson-Schwinger approach with the effective QCD coupling enhanced by the interplay of the dimension 2 gluon condensate <A^2> and dimension 4 gluon condensate <F^2>, is extended to the eta-eta' complex. We include the effects of the gluon axial anomaly into the Dyson-Schwinger approach to mesons. The calculated masses, mixing and two-photon decay widths of eta and eta' mesons are in agreement with experiment. Also, in a model-independent way, we give the modification of the Gell-Mann--Okubo and Schwinger nonet relations due to …
U_A(1) symmetry breaking is studied by introducing the flavor mixing interaction proposed by Kobayashi, Maskawa and 't Hooft. Combining the one gluon exchange interaction, the rainbow like Schwinger-Dyson equation and the ladder like Bethe-Salpeter equation are derived. The anomalous PCAC relation in the framework of this approximation is considered. The masses of the pseudoscalar mesons pi,eta and eta' are calculated. It is found that the pion mass is not sensitive to the strength of the flavor mixing interaction. On the other hand, the masses of eta and eta' are reproduced by a relatively we…
The reactions gamma-gamma to eta_c eta_c and gamma gamma to eta_c + X are discussed within the three gluon exchange model. We give predictions for the differential cross-sections and discuss feasibility of measuring these processes at LEP2 and TESLA. The total cross-sections were estimated to be approximately equal to 40 fb and 120 fb for gamma-gamma to eta_c eta_c and gamma-gamma to eta_c + X respectively assuming exchange of elementary gluons that corresponds to the odderon with intercept equal to unity. These values can be enhanced by a factor equal to 1.9 and 2.1 for LEP2 and TESLA energie…
We propose a nonspectator mechanism in which eta' is produced by two gluon fusion as the underlying process to explain the inclusive B-> X_s eta' as well as the exclusive B -> K^(*) eta' decays.
A phenomenological analysis of radiative $V\to Pγ$ and $P\to Vγ$ decays is performed with the purpose of determining the gluonic content of the $η$ and $η^\prime$ wave functions. Our results show that within our model there is no evidence for a gluonium contribution in the $η$, $Z_η^2=0.00\pm 0.12$, or the $η^\prime$, $Z_{η^\prime}^2=0.04\pm 0.09$. In terms of a mixing angle description this corresponds to $ϕ_P=(41.4\pm 1.3)^\circ$ and $|ϕ_{η^\prime G}|=(12\pm 13)^\circ$. In addition, the $η$-$η^\prime$ mixing angle is found to be $ϕ_P=(41.5\pm 1.2)^\circ$ if we don't allow for a gluonium comp…
The $η$-$η^\prime$ pseudoscalar mixing angle and the gluonium content of the $η^\prime$ meson are deduced from an updated phenomenological analysis of $J/ψ$ decays into a vector and a pseudoscalar meson. In absence of gluonium, the value of the mixing angle in the quark-flavour basis is found to be $ϕ_P=(40.7\pm 2.3)^\circ$. In presence of gluonium, the values for the mixing angle and the gluonic content of the $η^\prime$ wave function are $ϕ_P=(44.6\pm 4.4)^\circ$ and $Z^2_{η^\prime}=0.29^{+0.18}_{-0.26}$, respectively. The newly reported values of $B(J/ψ\toρπ)$ by the BABAR and BES Collabora…
Parton distributions of pseudoscalar pi,K and eta mesons obtained within the NJL model using the Pauli-Villars regularization method are analyzed in terms of LO and NLO evolution, and the valence sea quark and gluon parton distributions for the pion are obtained at Q^2 = 4 GeV^2 and compared to existing parametrizations at that scale. Surprisingly, the NLO order effects turn out to be small compared to the LO ones. The valence distributions are in good agreement with experimental analyses, but the gluon and sea distributions come out to be softer in the high-x region and harder in the low-x re…
We compute the inclusive differential cross section production of the pseudo-scalar meson eta' in high-energy proton-proton (pp) and proton-nucleus (pA) collisions. We use an effective coupling between gluons and eta' meson to derive a reduction formula that relates the eta' production to a field-strength tensor correlator. For pA collisions we take into account saturation effects on the nucleus side by using the Color Glass Condensate formalism to evaluate this correlator. We derive new results for Wilson line - color charges correlators in the McLerran-Venugopalan model needed in the computa…
The relation between the large mass of the $η'$ and the structure of the gluon vacuum via the $U_A(1)$ anomaly is discussed. A squeezed gluon vacuum is considered as an alternative to existing models. Considering Witten's formula for the $η_0$ mass we show that the contact term can give a sizable contribution and relate it to the physical gluon condensate. The values of the gluon condensate obtained through this relation are compared with the value by Shifman, Vainshtein and Zakharov and the recent update values by Narison.
We compute B->K eta' branching ratio using perturbative QCD approach. We show that a triangular relation among amplitudes for B^0->K^0 pi^0, B^0->K^0 eta, B^0->K^0 eta' receives large corrections from SU(3) breaking effects. If experimental value will come closer to the lower limit of the present BELLE data there will be a possibility to understand the large branching ratio of B^0->K^0 eta'. Otherwise, we perhaps need to modify our understanding of eta' meson, for example, inclusion of a possible admixture of gluonium state.
Using a set of new odderon states, we calculate their contribution to the diffractive eta_c photo- and electroproduction process. Compared to previous simple 3-gluon exchange calculations we find an enhancement of about one order of magnitude in the cross section. The t-dependence of the cross section exhibits a dip structure in the small t region.
The $η$-$η^\prime$ pseudoscalar mixing angle and the gluonium content of the $η^\prime$ meson are deduced from an updated phenomenological analysis of $J/ψ$ decays into a vector and a pseudoscalar meson. The values for the mixing angle and the gluonic content of the $η^\prime$ wave function are $ϕ_P=(44.5\pm 4.3)^\circ$ and $Z^2_{η^\prime}=0.28\pm 0.21$, respectively.
The $U_A(1)$ problem of QCD is inevitably tied to the infrared behaviour of quarks and gluons with its most visible effect being the $η^\prime$ mass. A dimensional argument of Kogut and Susskind showed that the mixing of the pseudoscalar flavour-singlet mesons with gluons can provide a screening of the Goldstone pole in this channel if the full quark-quark interaction is strongly infrared singular as $\sim 1/k^4$. We investigate this idea using previously obtained results for the Landau gauge ghost and gluon propagator, together with recent determinations for the singular behaviour of the quar…
We explore how the positivity of the P_T-integrated eta_c-hadroproduction cross-section computed at NLO in alpha_s can set up constraints on the x-dependence of gluon PDFs at low scales.
It has been realized for a long time that knowing the eta and eta^prime wave functions in terms of quark and gluon components probes our understanding of non-perturbative QCD dynamics. Great effort has been given to this challenge -- yet no clear picture has emerged even with the most recent KLOE data. We point out which measurements would be most helpful in arriving at a more definite conclusion. A better knowledge of these wave functions will significantly help to disentangle the weight of different decay subprocesses in semi-leptonic decays of D+, Ds^+ and B+ mesons. The resulting insights …
Mechanisms for the observed large $Br(B \to η' +X_s)$ are examined. We propose that the dominant fraction of the $B \to η' +X_s$ rate is due mainly to $b \to s g^*$, where $g^*$ is an off-shell gluon, followed by $g^* \to gη'$ via the anomalous coupling of the $η'$ to two gluons. The calculated rate for $B \to η'+X_s$ is in rough accord with experiment using a fairly constant glue-glue-$η'$ form factor. This behavior of the form factor may be indicative of glueball dominance of the channel. Searches via the modes $η' h^+h^-$ ($h=π$ or $K$) may be worthwhile. Charmonia contributions [i.e $B \to…
Charmonium sum rules for pseudoscalar 0^{-+} state eta_c(1S) are analyzed within perturbative QCD and Operator Product Expansion. The perturbative part of the pseudoscalar correlator is considered at alpha_s^2 order and the contribution of the gluon condensate <G^2> is taken into account with alpha_s correction. The OPE series includes the operators of dimension D=6,8 computed both in the instanton and factorization model. The method of moments in MS-bar scheme allows to establish acceptable values of the charm quark mass and gluon condensate, using the experimental mass of eta_c. In result of…
We investigate the exclusive production of the pseudoscalar mesons pi0, eta, eta', K+ and of the vector mesons omega, phi in a microscopic gluon-exchange or instanton model. We describe the baryons as covariant quark - scalar diquark systems with harmonic confinement, thus taking into account center-of-mass corrections and Lorentz contraction in different frames. The excitation of intermediate baryon resonances is accounted by colorless 2-gluon (soft Pomeron) exchange. We find that our model accounts for the systematics of the high precision data on exclusive meson production from various mode…
We present a calculation of eta/s for the meson gas (zero baryon number), with the viscosity computed within unitarized NLO chiral perturbation theory, and confirm the observation that eta/s decreases towards the possible phase transition to a quark-gluon plasma/liquid. The value is somewhat higher than previously estimated in LO chi PT. We also examine the case of atomic Argon gas to check the discontinuity of eta/s across a first order phase transition. Our results suggest employing this dimensionless number, sometimes called KSS number (in analogy with other ratios in fluid mechanics such a…
The $η$-$η^\prime$ pseudoscalar mixing angle and the gluonium content of the $η^\prime$ meson are deduced from an updated phenomenological analysis of $V\to Pγ$ and $J/ψ\to VP$ decays. In absence of gluonium, the value of the mixing angle in the quark-flavour basis is found to be $ϕ_P=(41.5\pm 1.2)^\circ$ from $V\to Pγ$ and $ϕ_P=(40.5\pm 2.4)^\circ$ from $J/ψ\to VP$. In presence of gluonium, the values for the mixing angle and the gluonic content of the $η^\prime$ wave function are $ϕ_P=(41.4\pm 1.3)^\circ$ and $Z^2_{η^\prime}=0.04\pm 0.09$ from $V\to Pγ$ and $ϕ_P=(44.5\pm 4.3)^\circ$ and $Z^2…
We study bottomonium spectral functions in the quark-gluon plasma in the Upsilon and eta_b channels, using lattice QCD simulations with two flavours of light quark on highly anisotropic lattices. The bottom quark is treated with nonrelativistic QCD (NRQCD). In the temperature range we consider, 0.42 < T/T_c < 2.09, we find that the ground states survive, whereas the excited states are suppressed as the temperature is increased. The position and width of the ground states are compared to analytical effective field theory (EFT) predictions. Systematic uncertainties of the maximum entropy method …
Exclusive hadronic B-meson decays into two-body final states consisting of a light pseudoscalar or vector meson along with an eta or eta' meson are of great phenomenological interest. Their theoretical analysis involves decay mechanisms that are unique to flavor-singlet states, such as their coupling to gluons or their ``intrinsic charm'' content. These issues are studied systematically in the context of QCD factorization and the heavy-quark expansion. Theory can account for the experimental data on the B->K^{(*)} eta^{(')} branching fractions, albeit within large uncertainties.
The six-quark instanton induced 't Hooft interaction, which breaks the unwanted U_A(1) symmetry of QCD, is also a sourse of semi-classical corrections to the low energy effective action. It is argued that there emerges a dimensionless expansion parameter that introduces a new mass scale, Lambda_E^2=6 GeV^2, in the 0^-, 0^+ channels. This scale plays a similar role as the large critical mass M^2_crit > 4.2-6.6 GeV^2 discovered in the framework of QCD sum rules in the 0^-, 0^+ gluonic channels. In particular, it allows to resolve the eta' puzzle. To extract Lambda_E we calculate the masses of th…
It is shown that the study of the ω-ρinterference pattern in the J/psi -> (rho+omega)eta -> pi+pi-eta decay provides evidence for the large (nearly 90 degrees) relative phase between the isovector one-photon and three-gluon decay amplitudes.
We investigate the masses of the lowest c\bar{c} states, the J/psi and eta_c, in nuclear matter using QCD sum rules. Up to dimension four, the differences between the operator product expansions in vacuum and in medium arise from the density-dependent change in the gluon condensate and from a new contribution proportional to the nucleon expectation value of the twist-2 gluon operator. Both terms together give an attractive shift of about 5-10 MeV to the J/psi and eta_c masses in nuclear matter.
Theory and phenomenology of the eta_c photo- and electroproduction is developed from the point of view of probing the odderon singularity in QCD which corresponds to the three gluon exchange mechanism. This mechanism leads to the cross-sections which are independent of W^2 for the exchange of three non-interacting gluons or exhibit increase with increasing W^2 (or 1/x) for the odderon intercept above unity. The η_c electroproduction in the three gluon exchange mechanism is shown to be entirely controlled by the transversely polarised virtual photons. The magnitude of the eta_c photoproduction …
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