分析数据与预期之间的差异
Plotting the Differences Between Data and Expectation
摘要：
本文提出了一种改进直方图表示的方法，其中将数据与预期进行比较。有时，很难用眼睛判断bin内容和理论期望值（由拟合函数或另一个直方图提供）之间的差异是否只是由于统计波动。更重要的是，可能存在统计上显著的偏差，这些偏差在图中完全不可见。我们建议在图的底部添加一个小插图，其中显示了每个箱中观察到的偏差的统计显著性。尽管我们开发的数值例程仅用于说明目的，但它们是基于可用于以适当方式执行统计推断的公式。我们的计算的实现可以在https://github.com/dcasadei/psde上获得。
英文摘要：
This article proposes a way to improve the presentation of histograms where data are compared to expectation. Sometimes, it is difficult to judge by eye whether the difference between the bin content and the theoretical expectation (provided by either a fitting function or another histogram) is just due to statistical fluctuations. More importantly, there could be statistically significant deviations which are completely invisible in the plot. We propose to add a small inset at the bottom of the plot, in which the statistical significance of the deviation observed in each bin is shown. Even though the numerical routines which we developed have only illustration purposes, it comes out that they are based on formulae which could be used to perform statistical inference in a proper way. An implementation of our computation is available at https://github.com/dcasadei/psde .
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
