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arXiv 1111.1472gr-qcquant-ph
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关系粒子力学中的时间与量子宇宙学问题

The Problem of Time and Quantum Cosmology in the Relational Particle Mechanics Arena

Edward Anderson

摘要:

这篇文章包含了量子引力中臭名昭著的时间问题在概念层面上的局部解决方案,并且实际上对于关系三角形是可实现的。时间的问题是GR中的“时间”和普通量子理论中的“时间”是相互不相容的概念,试图把这两个理论放在一起形成量子引力理论是有问题的。四个边界,这一决议在充分的GR确定,旁边的三个进一步的方向尚未征服,甚至关系三角形。这篇文章也是对关系粒子模型的权威性评论,最初是由Barthel(2003:纯形状动力学)和Barthel和Bertotti(1982:形状和尺度动力学)提出的。这些都显示为有用的玩具模型的背景独立性,我认为是“另一半”的GR相对论引力,以及时间问题本身的创始人。巴托的工作和我对它的局部扩展被证明是背景独立性的经典先驱,然后在量子水平上表现为成熟的时间问题。事实上,7/8的Isham-Kuchar问题的时间方面已经存在于经典GR中;甚至经典力学在相关粒子力学公式中也表现出5/8的这些!除了伊沙姆、库查尔和巴塞,其他主要作者的作品都是在建立这个问题的时间方法是肯德尔(关系模型:纯形配置空间),狄拉克,泰特尔博伊姆和哈利韦尔(问题的时间解决组件)。推荐的方案是将马赫半经典方法、历史理论和记录理论相结合。

英文摘要:

This article contains a local solution to the notorious Problem of Time in Quantum Gravity at the conceptual level and which is actually realizable for the relational triangle. The Problem of Time is that `time' in GR and `time' in ordinary quantum theory are mutually incompatible notions, which is problematic in trying to put these two theories together to form a theory of Quantum Gravity. Four frontiers to this resolution in full GR are identified, alongside three further directions not yet conquered even for the relational triangle. This article is also the definitive review on relational particle models originally due to Barbour (2003: dynamics of pure shape) and Barbour and Bertotti (1982: dynamics of shape and scale). These are exhibited as useful toy models of background independence, which I argue to be the `other half' of GR to relativistic gravitation, as well as the originator of the Problem of Time itself. Barbour's work and my localized extension of it are shown to be the classical precursor of the background independence that then manifests itself at the quantum level as the full-blown Problem of Time. In fact 7/8ths of the Isham--Kuchar Problem of Time facets are already present in classical GR; even classical mechanics in relational particle mechanics formulation exhibits 5/8ths of these! In addition to Isham, Kuchar and Barbour, the other principal authors whose works are drawn upon in building this Problem of Time approach are Kendall (relational models only: pure-shape configuration spaces), Dirac, Teitelboim and Halliwell (Problem of Time resolving components). The recommended scheme is a combination of the Machian semiclassical approach, histories theory and records theory.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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