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arXiv 1111.1155gr-qccond-mat.otherhep-ph
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从引力模型到引力真空

From Analogue Models to Gravitating Vacuum

G. E. Volovik

摘要:

我们讨论量子真空的现象学。宏观系统的现象学有三个来源:热力学、拓扑学和对称性。动量空间拓扑决定了费米子真空的普适类。在无质量状态下的真空属于费米点普适类,它具有拓扑保护的费米准粒子。在低能量下,它们表现为相对论性的无质量外尔费米子。规范场和引力在低能时与外尔费米子一起出现。自持真空的热力学允许我们处理与真空能量有关的问题:宇宙学常数问题。自维持真空的平衡态的能量密度的自然值为零。宇宙学是真空向平衡态弛豫的过程。与普朗克尺度相比,宇宙学常数的当前值非常小,因为现在的宇宙非常古老,因此接近平衡。

英文摘要:

We discuss phenomenology of quantum vacuum. Phenomenology of macroscopic systems has three sources: thermodynamics, topology and symmetry. Momentum space topology determines the universality classes of fermionic vacua. The vacuum in its massless state belongs to the Fermi-point universality class, which has topologically protected fermionic quasiparticles. At low energy they behave as relativistic massless Weyl fermions. Gauge fields and gravity emerge together with Weyl fermions at low energy. Thermodynamics of the self-sustained vacuum allows us to treat the problems related to the vacuum energy: the cosmological constant problems. The natural value of the energy density of the equilibrium the self-sustained vacuum is zero. Cosmology is the process of relaxation of vacuum towards the equilibrium state. The present value of the cosmological constant is very small compared to the Planck scale, because the present Universe is very old and thus is close to equilibrium.

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