基于脉冲星授时信息的航天器自主导航
Autonomous Spacecraft Navigation Based on Pulsar Timing Information
摘要：
我们讨论的可能性，自主导航系统的航天器是基于脉冲星定时数据。脉冲星是快速旋转的中子星，可以观测到它们是电磁辐射的可变天体源。它们的周期性信号具有与原子钟相当的定时稳定性，并提供可用作天然导航信标的特征时间签名，与地球上使用GPS卫星导航非常相似。通过将在航天器上测得的脉冲到达时间与在某一参考位置预测的脉冲到达时间进行比较，可以自主确定航天器的位置，精确度约为5公里。对于距离地球10个天文单位的航天器（例如，地球-土星），这意味着与传统方法相比改进了8倍。因此，这项新技术是地面站无线电跟踪标准导航的替代办法，没有随着离地球的距离而增加的不确定性和对地面控制的依赖性的缺点。
英文摘要：
We discuss the possibility of an autonomous navigation system for spacecraft that is based on pulsar timing data. Pulsars are rapidly rotating neutron stars that are observable as variable celestial sources of electromagnetic radiation. Their periodic signals have timing stabilities comparable to atomic clocks and provide characteristic temporal signatures that can be used as natural navigation beacons, quite similar to the use of GPS satellites for navigation on Earth. By comparing pulse arrival times measured on-board the spacecraft with predicted pulse arrivals at some reference location, the spacecraft position can be determined autonomously with accuracies on the order of 5 kilometres. For a spacecraft at a distance of 10 astronomical units from Earth (e.g., Earth-Saturn), this means an improvement by a factor of 8 compared to conventional methods. Therefore this new technology is an alternative to standard navigation based on radio tracking by ground stations, without the disadvantages of uncertainty increasing with distance from Earth and the dependence on ground control.
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